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DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Citus vs. MySQL vs. NebulaGraph vs. Oracle

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Citus vs. MySQL vs. NebulaGraph vs. Oracle

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonMySQL  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLWidely used open source RDBMSA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSWidely used RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infoKey/Value like access via memcached APIGraph DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score16.88
Rank#35  Overall
#22  Relational DBMS
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score1061.34
Rank#2  Overall
#2  Relational DBMS
Score2.23
Rank#116  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score1244.08
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­redshiftwww.citusdata.comwww.mysql.comgithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
www.oracle.com/­database
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftdocs.citusdata.comdev.mysql.com/­docdocs.nebula-graph.iodocs.oracle.com/­en/­database
DeveloperAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)Oracle infosince 2010, originally MySQL AB, then SunVesoft Inc.Oracle
Initial release20122010199520191980
Current release8.1, December 20188.4.0, April 202423c, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoGPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0commercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for MySQL: Fully managed MySQL, deployable in the cloud of your choice, with seamless integrations and lightning-fast setup.
Implementation languageCCC and C++C++C and C++
Server operating systemshostedLinuxFreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
LinuxAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Data schemeyesyesyesStrong typed schemayes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columns
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityyesnoyes
Secondary indexesrestrictedyesyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyes infowith proprietary extensionsSQL-like query languageyes infowith proprietary extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin Pythonuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoproprietary syntaxuser defined functionsPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possible
Triggersnoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardinghorizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL FabricShardingSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Causal Clustering using Raft protocolMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono infocan be realized in PL/SQL
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage engineyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infonot for MyISAM storage engineACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterized
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engineyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infousing RocksDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesyesyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or rolesRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon RedshiftCitusMySQLNebulaGraphOracle
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services
3rd partiesCData: Connect to Big Data & NoSQL through standard Drivers.
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Navicat for MySQL is the ideal solution for MySQL/MariaDB administration and development.
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CData: Connect to Big Data & NoSQL through standard Drivers.
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Aiven for MySQL: Fully managed MySQL, deployable in the cloud of your choice, with seamless integrations and lightning-fast setup.
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Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for MySQL and many other database management systems.
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Navicat for Oracle improves the efficiency and productivity of Oracle developers and administrators with a streamlined working environment.
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More resources
Amazon RedshiftCitusMySQLNebulaGraphOracle
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