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DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Citus vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Oracle vs. Postgres-XL

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Citus vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Oracle vs. Postgres-XL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceWidely used RDBMSBased on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
Document store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score16.88
Rank#35  Overall
#22  Relational DBMS
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score27.71
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score1244.08
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score0.53
Rank#254  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­redshiftwww.citusdata.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.oracle.com/­databasewww.postgres-xl.org
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftdocs.citusdata.comlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasewww.postgres-xl.org/­documentation
DeveloperAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)MicrosoftOracle
Initial release20122010201419802014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB
Current release8.1, December 201823c, September 202310 R1, October 2018
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoMozilla public license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCCC and C++C
Server operating systemshostedLinuxhostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoJSON typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityyesyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionality
Secondary indexesrestrictedyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsSQL-like query languageyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infodistributed, parallel query execution
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin Pythonuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.JavaScriptPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleuser defined functions
TriggersnoyesJavaScriptyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding, horizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*no infocan be realized in PL/SQLno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACID infoMVCC
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'no
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon RedshiftCitusMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBOraclePostgres-XL
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