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DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Cassandra vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NSDb

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Cassandra vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NSDb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonNSDb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceScalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of Kubernetes
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score17.94
Rank#34  Overall
#21  Relational DBMS
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score29.04
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#41  Time Series DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­redshiftcassandra.apache.orgwww.ontotext.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbnsdb.io
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbnsdb.io/­Architecture
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)Apache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookOntotextMicrosoft
Initial release20122008200020142017
Current release4.1.3, July 202310.4, October 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageCJavaJavaJava, Scala
Server operating systemshostedBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infoJSON typesyes: int, bigint, decimal, string
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesrestrictedrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCSQL-like query languageSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
Java
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin Pythonnowell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityJavaScriptno
TriggersnoyesnoJavaScript
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infono "single point of failure"noneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-source replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*no
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemnoyes infoConstraint checkingnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesUsing Apache Lucene
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users can be defined per objectDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.Access rights can be defined down to the item level
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon RedshiftCassandraGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBNSDb
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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More resources
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