DBMS > Amazon DynamoDB vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle vs. Postgres-XL

System Properties Comparison Amazon DynamoDB vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle vs. Postgres-XL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Hosted, scalable database service by Amazon with the data stored in Amazons cloud

Well established RDBMS

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Widely used RDBMS

Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features

Primary database model

Document store
Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	74.07
Rank	#17	Overall
	#3	Document stores
	#2	Key-value stores

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	0.49
Rank	#256	Overall
	#117	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/dynamodb

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.oracle.com/database

www.postgres-xl.org

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/dynamodb

docs.actian.com/ingres

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.oracle.com/en/database

www.postgres-xl.org/documentation

Developer

Amazon

Actian Corporation

Microsoft

Oracle

Initial release

2012

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

1989

1980

2014

since 2012, originally named StormDB

Current release

11.2, May 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

23c, September 2023

10 R1, October 2018

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

free tier for a limited amount of database operations

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Mozilla public license

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

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Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

hosted

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
macOS

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

XML type, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

distributed, parallel query execution

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Supported programming languages

.Net
ColdFusion
Erlang
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

by integration with AWS Lambda

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Ingres Replicator

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

may be implemented via Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR)

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be specified for read operations

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

ACID across one or more tables within a single AWS account and region

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

MVCC

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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