DBMS > Adabas vs. Cassandra vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NebulaGraph vs. OceanBase
System Properties Comparison Adabas vs. Cassandra vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NebulaGraph vs. OceanBase
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| Name | Adabas  denotes "adaptable data base" Xexclude from comparison | Cassandra Xexclude from comparison | Microsoft Azure Data Explorer Xexclude from comparison | NebulaGraph Xexclude from comparison | OceanBase Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | OLTP - DBMS for mainframes and Linux/Unix/Windows environments used typically together with the Natural programming platform | Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB Optimized for write access | Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform | A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS | A distributed, high available RDBMS compatible with Oracle and MySQL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Multivalue DBMS | Wide column store | Relational DBMS column oriented | Graph DBMS | Relational DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Vector DBMS starting with release V5 | Document store If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell Event Store this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)Spatial DBMS Search engine support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engineTime Series DBMS see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis | Document store Wide column store | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | www.softwareag.com/en_corporate/platform/adabas-natural.html | cassandra.apache.org | azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer | github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula www.nebula-graph.io | en.oceanbase.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest | docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer | docs.nebula-graph.io | en.oceanbase.com/docs/oceanbase-database | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Software AG | Apache Software Foundation Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook | Microsoft | Vesoft Inc. | OceanBase previously Alibaba and Ant Group | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 1971 | 2008 | 2019 | 2019 | 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 4.1.3, July 2023 | cloud service with continuous releases | 4.3.0, April 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | commercial | Open Source Apache version 2 | commercial | Open Source Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0 | Open Source Commercial license available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | yes | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Implementation language | Java | C++ | C++ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | BS2000 Linux Unix Windows z/OS z/VSE | BSD Linux OS X Windows | hosted | Linux | Linux | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | yes | schema-free | Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic) | Strong typed schema | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | yes | no | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | restricted only equality queries, not always the best performing solution | all fields are automatically indexed | yes Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value. | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | yes with add-on product Adabas SQL Gateway | SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL) | Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset | SQL-like query language | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | HTTP API with add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway SOAP-based API with add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway | Proprietary protocol CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language) Thrift | Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS) RESTful HTTP API | Browser interface console (shell) Cypher Query Language GO Object Graph Mapper Java Object Graph Mapper NGBatis ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-BootProprietary native API Python Object Graph Mapper Query language nGQL | JDBC ODBC ODP.NET Oracle Call Interface (OCI) Proprietary native API Table API | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | Natural | C# C++ Clojure Erlang Go Haskell Java JavaScript Node.jsPerl PHP Python Ruby Scala | .Net Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PowerShell Python R | .Net C++ Go Java PHP Python | Ada in MySQL-compatible model C in Oracle- and MySQL- compatible modelsC++ in Oracle- and MySQL- compatible modelsD in MySQL-compatible modelDelphi in MySQL-compatible modelEiffel in MySQL-compatible modelErlang in MySQL-compatible modelHaskell in MySQL-compatible modelJava in Oracle- and MySQL- compatible modelsJavaScript (Node.js) in MySQL-compatible modelObjective-C in MySQL-compatible modelOCaml in MySQL-compatible modelPerl in MySQL-compatible modelPHP in MySQL-compatible modelPython in MySQL-compatible modelRuby in MySQL-compatible modelScheme in MySQL-compatible modelTcl in MySQL-compatible model | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | in Natural | no | Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R | user defined functions | PL/SQL in oracle-compatible mode, MySQL Stored Procedure in mysql-compatible mode | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | no | yes | yes see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | yes, with additonal products like Adabas Cluster Services, Adabas Parallel Services, Adabas Vista | Sharding no "single point of failure" | Sharding Implicit feature of the cloud service | Sharding | horizontal partitioning (by hash, key, range, range columns, list, and list columns) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | yes, with add-on product Event Replicator | selectable replication factor Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible | yes Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant. | Causal Clustering using Raft protocol | Multi-source replication using Paxos | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | yes | Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency can be individually decided for each write operation | Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | no | no | yes Relationships in graphs | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | no Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations | no | ACID | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes using RocksDB | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | no | no | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | only with OS-specific tools (e.g. IBM RACF, CA Top Secret) | Access rights for users can be defined per object | Azure Active Directory Authentication | Role-based access control | Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adabas denotes "adaptable data base" | Cassandra | Microsoft Azure Data Explorer | NebulaGraph | OceanBase | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific characteristics | Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well... » more | NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,... » more | OceanBase Database is the world’s only native distributed database that has set new... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Competitive advantages | No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for... » more | NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host... » more | High Availability : The five IDCs across three sites disaster recovery solution sets... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typical application scenarios | Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product... » more | Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key customers | Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best... » more | Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,... » more | OceanBase Database has helped over 400 customers across industries upgrade their... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market metrics | Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100. » more | At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub... » more | TPC-C No.1 Performance , achieved a result of 707.35 million tpmC in the TPC-C benchmark... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Licensing and pricing models | Apache license Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available... » more | NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license. » more | Mulan PubL v2 license for open source community edition. Commercial license for enterprise... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| News | How Concide Built its Chat Platform with Enhanced Document Management for Legal Tech Professionals Astra Vectorize: Generate Vector Embeddings with 1 Line of Code GitHub Copilot + DataStax Astra DB: Build GenAI Apps 100x Faster | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 3rd parties | CData: Connect to Big Data & NoSQL through standard Drivers. » more Cassandra Forward event: Want to level up your Cassandra game? Watch now replays of the March 2023 sessions. » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adabas denotes "adaptable data base" | Cassandra | Microsoft Azure Data Explorer | NebulaGraph | OceanBase | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | Cassandra keeps climbing the ranks of the DB-Engines Ranking Oracle is the DBMS of the Year Winners, losers and an attractive newcomer in Novembers DB-Engines ranking | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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