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DBMS > 4D vs. Cassandra vs. MariaDB vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. VictoriaMetrics

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Cassandra vs. MariaDB vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. VictoriaMetrics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonMariaDB  Xexclude from comparisonOracle NoSQL  Xexclude from comparisonVictoriaMetrics  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessMySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.A multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodesA fast, cost-effective and scalable Time Series DBMS and monitoring solution
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS infowith OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score91.04
Rank#13  Overall
#9  Relational DBMS
Score3.05
Rank#97  Overall
#17  Document stores
#16  Key-value stores
#50  Relational DBMS
Score1.23
Rank#172  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcassandra.apache.orgmariadb.com infoSite of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org infoSite of MariaDB Foundation
www.oracle.com/­database/­nosql/­technologies/­nosqlvictoriametrics.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestmariadb.com/­kb/­en/­librarydocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­nosql-database/­index.htmldocs.victoriametrics.com
github.com/­VictoriaMetrics/­VictoriaMetrics/­wiki
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookMariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) infoThe lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL
OracleVictoriaMetrics
Initial release198420082009 infoFork of MySQL, which was first released in 199520112018
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.3, July 202311.3.2, February 202424.1, May 2024v1.91, May 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoGPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription availableOpen Source infoProprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)Open Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageJavaC and C++JavaGo
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows infoColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows
Linux
Solaris SPARC/x86
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
OpenBSD
Data schemeyesschema-freeyes infoDynamic columns are supportedSupport Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesoptional
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes infowith proprietary extensionsSQL-like DML and DDL statementsno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
RESTful HTTP APIGraphite protocol
InfluxDB Line Protocol
OpenTSDB
Prometheus Query API
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyes infoPL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3nono
Triggersyesyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infono "single point of failure"several options for horizontal partitioning and ShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table featureSynchronous replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnowith Hadoop integrationno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infodepending on configuration
Eventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infonot for MyISAM storage enginenono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACID infonot for MyISAM storage engineconfigurable infoACID within a storage node (=shard)no
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infonot for in-memory storage engineyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes infowith MEMORY storage engineyes infooff heap cacheno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCassandraMariaDBOracle NoSQLVictoriaMetrics
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
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