DBMS > 4D vs. ArangoDB vs. Couchbase vs. MongoDB vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. ArangoDB vs. Couchbase vs. MongoDB vs. YugabyteDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Native multi-model DBMS for graph, document, key/value and search. All in one engine and accessible with one query language.

A distributed document store with integrated cache, a powerful search engine, in-built operational and analytical capabilities, and an embedded mobile database

One of the most popular document stores available both as a fully managed cloud service and for deployment on self-managed infrastructure

High-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Search engine

Document store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Key-value store

originating from the former Membase product and supporting the Memcached protocol
Spatial DBMS

using the Geocouch extension
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Spatial DBMS
Search engine

integrated Lucene index, currently in MongoDB Atlas only.
Time Series DBMS

Time Series Collections introduced in Release 5.0
Vector DBMS

currently available in the MongoDB Atlas cloud service only

Document store
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	3.26
Rank	#88	Overall
	#15	Document stores
	#5	Graph DBMS
	#12	Key-value stores
	#10	Search engines

Score	16.59
Rank	#36	Overall
	#5	Document stores

Score	421.08
Rank	#5	Overall
	#1	Document stores

Score	2.63
Rank	#109	Overall
	#53	Relational DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.arangodb.com

docs.couchbase.com

www.mongodb.com/docs/manual

docs.yugabyte.com
github.com/yugabyte/yugabyte-db

Social network pages

Developer

4D, Inc

ArangoDB Inc.

Couchbase, Inc.

MongoDB, Inc

Yugabyte Inc.

Initial release

1984

2012

2011

2009

2017

Current release

v20, April 2023

3.11.5, November 2023

Server: 7.2, June 2023; Mobile: 3.1, March 2022; Couchbase Capella (DBaaS), June 2023

6.0.7, June 2023

2.19, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2; Commercial license (Enterprise) available

Open Source

Business Source License (BSL 1.1); Commercial licenses also available

Open Source

MongoDB Inc.'s Server Side Public License v1. Prior versions were published under GNU AGPL v3.0. Commercial licenses are also available.

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

MongoDB available as DBaaS (MongoDB Atlas)

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

ArangoDB Cloud –The Managed Cloud Service of ArangoDB. Provides fully managed, and monitored cluster deployments of any size, with enterprise-grade security. Get started for free and continue for as little as $0,21/hour.

MongoDB Flex @ STACKIT offers managed MongoDB Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
MongoDB Atlas: Global multi-cloud database with unmatched data distribution and mobility across AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud, built-in automation for resource and workload optimization, and so much more.

YugabyteDB Managed is the fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB. Get started quickly, and effortlessly ensure continuous availability and limitless scale of your cloud native applications.

Implementation language

C++

C, C++, Go and Erlang

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
OS X

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

automatically recognizes schema within a collection

schema-free

Although schema-free, documents of the same collection often follow the same structure. Optionally impose all or part of a schema by defining a JSON schema.

depending on used data model

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, double, boolean, list, hash

yes

string, integer, double, decimal, boolean, date, object_id, geospatial

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL++, extends ANSI SQL to JSON for operational, transactional, and analytic use cases

Read-only SQL queries via the MongoDB Atlas SQL Interface

yes, PostgreSQL compatible

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

AQL
Foxx Framework
Graph API (Gremlin)
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Java & SpringData
JSON style queries
VelocyPack/VelocyStream

CLI Client
HTTP REST
Kafka Connector
Native language bindings for CRUD, Query, Search and Analytics APIs
Spark Connector
Spring Data

GraphQL
HTTP REST
Prisma
proprietary protocol using JSON

JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Rust

.Net
C
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Kotlin
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Actionscript

unofficial driver
C
C#
C++
Clojure

unofficial driver
ColdFusion

unofficial driver
D

unofficial driver
Dart

unofficial driver
Delphi

unofficial driver
Erlang
Go
Groovy

unofficial driver
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Lisp

unofficial driver
Lua

unofficial driver
MatLab

unofficial driver
Perl
PHP
PowerShell

unofficial driver
Prolog

unofficial driver
Python
R

unofficial driver
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Smalltalk

unofficial driver
Swift

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

JavaScript

Functions and timers in JavaScript and UDFs in Java, Python, SQL++

JavaScript

yes

sql, plpgsql, C

Triggers

yes

via the TAP protocol

yes

in MongoDB Atlas only

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

since version 2.0

Automatic Sharding

Sharding

Partitioned by hashed, ranged, or zoned sharding keys. Live resharding allows users to change their shard keys as an online operation with zero downtime.

Hash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Source-replica replication with configurable replication factor

Multi-source replication

including cross data center replication
Source-replica replication

Multi-Source deployments with MongoDB Atlas Global Clusters
Source-replica replication

Based on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be done with stored procedures in JavaScript

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

configurable per collection or per write
Immediate Consistency
OneShard (highly available, fault-tolerant deployment mode with ACID semantics)

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

selectable on a per-operation basis

Eventual Consistency

can be individually decided for each read operation
Immediate Consistency

default behaviour

Strong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

typically not used, however similar functionality with DBRef possible

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-document ACID Transactions with snapshot isolation

Distributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional, enabled by default

yes

based on RocksDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Ephemeral buckets

yes

In-memory storage engine introduced with MongoDB version 3.2

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

yes

User and Administrator separation with password-based and LDAP integrated Authentication. Role-base access control.

Access rights for users and roles

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Graph and Beyond. With more than 11,000 stargazers on GitHub, ArangoDB is the leading...
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MongoDB provides an integrated suite of cloud database and data services to accelerate...
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YugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
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Competitive advantages

Consolidation: As a native multi-model database, can be used as a full blown document...
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Built around the flexible document data model and unified API, MongoDB is a developer...
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PostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
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Typical application scenarios

Native multi-model in ArangoDB is being used for a broad range of projects across...
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AI-enriched intelligent apps (Continental, Telefonica, Iron Mountain) Internet of...
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Systems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
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Key customers

Cisco, Barclays, Refinitive, Siemens Mentor, Kabbage, Liaison, Douglas, MakeMyTrip,...
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ADP, Adobe, Amadeus, AstraZeneca, Auto Trader, Barclays, BBVA, Bosch, Cisco, CERN,...
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Market metrics

ArangoDB is the leading native multi-model database with over 11,000 stargazers on...
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Hundreds of millions downloads, over 150,000+ Atlas clusters provisioned every month...
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2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
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Licensing and pricing models

Very permissive Apache 2 License for Community Edition & commercial licenses are...
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MongoDB database server: Server-Side Public License (SSPL) . Commercial licenses...
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Apache 2.0 license for the database
» more

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