DBMS > 4D vs. ArangoDB vs. Cassandra vs. CouchDB vs. LeanXcale

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. ArangoDB vs. Cassandra vs. CouchDB vs. LeanXcale

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Native multi-model DBMS for graph, document, key/value and search. All in one engine and accessible with one query language.

Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB

Optimized for write access

A native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.

A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilities

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Search engine

Wide column store

Document store

Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

starting with release V5

Spatial DBMS

using the Geocouch extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	3.32
Rank	#90	Overall
	#15	Document stores
	#5	Graph DBMS
	#12	Key-value stores
	#10	Search engines

Score	101.89
Rank	#12	Overall
	#1	Wide column stores

Score	9.30
Rank	#45	Overall
	#7	Document stores

Score	0.29
Rank	#291	Overall
	#41	Key-value stores
	#132	Relational DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.arangodb.com

cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest

docs.couchdb.org/en/stable

Social network pages

Developer

4D, Inc

ArangoDB Inc.

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developer

LeanXcale

Initial release

1984

2012

2008

2005

2015

Current release

v20, April 2023

3.11.5, November 2023

4.1.3, July 2023

3.3.3, December 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2; Commercial license (Enterprise) available

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

ArangoDB Cloud –The Managed Cloud Service of ArangoDB. Provides fully managed, and monitored cluster deployments of any size, with enterprise-grade security. Get started for free and continue for as little as $0,21/hour.

Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Erlang

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

Android
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

automatically recognizes schema within a collection

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, double, boolean, list, hash

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

only equality queries, not always the best performing solution

yes

via views

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)

yes

through Apache Derby

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

AQL
Foxx Framework
Graph API (Gremlin)
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Java & SpringData
JSON style queries
VelocyPack/VelocyStream

Proprietary protocol

CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Rust

C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk

C
Java
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

JavaScript

View functions in JavaScript

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

since version 2.0

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

Sharding

improved architecture with release 2.0

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Source-replica replication with configurable replication factor

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be done with stored procedures in JavaScript

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

configurable per collection or per write
Immediate Consistency
OneShard (highly available, fault-tolerant deployment mode with ACID semantics)

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

atomic operations within a single document possible

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

strategy: optimistic locking

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

yes

Access rights for users can be defined per object

Access rights for users can be defined per database

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Graph and Beyond. With more than 11,000 stargazers on GitHub, ArangoDB is the leading...
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Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantages

Consolidation: As a native multi-model database, can be used as a full blown document...
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No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenarios

Native multi-model in ArangoDB is being used for a broad range of projects across...
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Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customers

Cisco, Barclays, Refinitive, Siemens Mentor, Kabbage, Liaison, Douglas, MakeMyTrip,...
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Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metrics

ArangoDB is the leading native multi-model database with over 11,000 stargazers on...
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Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Very permissive Apache 2 License for Community Edition & commercial licenses are...
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Apache licenseÂ Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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