DBMS > PostgreSQL vs. SpatiaLite vs. Tarantool vs. Titan vs. Vitess
System Properties Comparison PostgreSQL vs. SpatiaLite vs. Tarantool vs. Titan vs. Vitess
Editorial information provided by DB-Engines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | SpatiaLite Xexclude from comparison | Tarantool Xexclude from comparison | Titan Xexclude from comparison | Vitess Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | Spatial extension of SQLite | In-memory computing platform with a flexible data schema for efficiently building high-performance applications | Titan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters. | Scalable, distributed, cloud-native DBMS, extending MySQL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary database model | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Spatial DBMS | Document store Key-value store Relational DBMS | Graph DBMS | Relational DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary database models | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache Age Spatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | Relational DBMS | Spatial DBMS with Tarantool/GIS extension | Document store Spatial DBMS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Website | www.postgresql.org | www.gaia-gis.it/fossil/libspatialite/index | www.tarantool.io | github.com/thinkaurelius/titan | vitess.io | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical documentation | www.postgresql.org/docs | www.gaia-gis.it/gaia-sins/spatialite_topics.html | www.tarantool.io/en/doc | github.com/thinkaurelius/titan/wiki | vitess.io/docs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Developer | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | Alessandro Furieri | VK | Aurelius, owned by DataStax | The Linux Foundation, PlanetScale | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial release | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2008 | 2008 | 2012 | 2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current release | 16.2, February 2024 | 5.0.0, August 2020 | 2.10.0, May 2022 | 15.0.2, December 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source BSD | Open Source MPL 1.1, GPL v2.0 or LGPL v2.1 | Open Source BSD-2, source-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Tarantool Enterprise | Open Source Apache license, version 2.0 | Open Source Apache Version 2.0, commercial licenses available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Implementation language | C | C++ | C and C++ | Java | Go | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server operating systems | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | server-less | BSD Linux macOS | Linux OS X Unix Windows | Docker Linux macOS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data scheme | yes | yes | Flexible data schema: relational definition for tables with ability to store json-like documents in columns | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | string, double, decimal, uuid, integer, blob, boolean, datetime | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary indexes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SQL Support of SQL | yes standard with numerous extensions | yes | Full-featured ANSI SQL support | no | yes with proprietary extensions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
APIs and other access methods | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | Open binary protocol | Java API TinkerPop Blueprints TinkerPop Frames TinkerPop Gremlin TinkerPop Rexster | ADO.NET JDBC MySQL protocol ODBC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supported programming languages | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBC JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | C C# C++ Erlang Go Java JavaScript Lua Perl PHP Python Rust | Clojure Java Python | Ada C C# C++ D Delphi Eiffel Erlang Haskell Java JavaScript (Node.js) Objective-C OCaml Perl PHP Python Ruby Scheme Tcl | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server-side scripts Stored procedures | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | no | Lua, C and SQL stored procedures | yes | yes proprietary syntax | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triggers | yes | yes | yes, before/after data modification events, on replication events, client session events | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | none | Sharding, partitioned with virtual buckets by user defined affinity key. Live resharding for scale up and scale down without maintenance downtime. | yes via pluggable storage backends | Sharding | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | none | Asynchronous replication with multi-master option Configurable replication topology (full-mesh, chain, star) Synchronous quorum replication (with Raft) | yes | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | yes via Faunus, a graph analytics engine | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Casual consistency across sharding partitions Eventual consistency within replicaset partition when using asyncronous replication Immediate Consistency within single instance Sequential consistency including linearizable read within replicaset partition when using Raft | Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency | Eventual Consistency across shards Immediate Consistency within a shard | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes | yes | yes | yes Relationships in graph | yes not for MyISAM storage engine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | ACID | ACID, with serializable isolation and linearizable read (within partition); Configurable MVCC (within partition); No cross-shard distributed transactions | ACID | ACID at shard level | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes, cooperative multitasking | yes | yes table locks or row locks depending on storage engine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes, write ahead logging | yes Supports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | yes | yes, full featured in-memory storage engine with persistence | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
User concepts Access control | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | no | Access Control Lists Mutual TLS authentication for Tarantol Enterprise Password based authentication Role-based access control (RBAC) and LDAP for Tarantol Enterprise Users and Roles | User authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server | Users with fine-grained authorization concept no user groups or roles | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
PostgreSQL | SpatiaLite | Tarantool | Titan | Vitess | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DB-Engines blog posts | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 | Spatial database management systems | Data processing speed and reliability: in-memory synchronous replication | Graph DBMS increased their popularity by 500% within the last 2 years Graph DBMSs are gaining in popularity faster than any other database category | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conferences, events and webinars | Monitoring PostgreSQL with Redgate Monitor | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recent citations in the news | PostgreSQL Security Flaws Let Attackers Execute Code Introducing OCI Database with PostgreSQL: Completing Our Cloud Database Suite for Every Need Automatically Generate Types for Your PostgreSQL Database Your MySQL 5.7 and PostgreSQL 11 databases will be automatically enrolled into Amazon RDS Extended Support ... AGEDB Technology Launches PGTS - PostgreSQL Tech-Support – Company Announcement - FT.com provided by Google News | TaranHouse: New Big Data Warehouse Announced by Tarantool Deploying Tarantool Cartridge applications with zero effort (Part 1) Deploying Tarantool Cartridge applications with zero effort (Part 2) Тarantool Cartridge: Sharding Lua Backend in Three Lines VShard — horizontal scaling in Tarantool provided by Google News | Amazon DynamoDB Storage Backend for Titan: Distributed Graph Database | Amazon Web Services Titan Graph Database Integration with DynamoDB: World-class Performance, Availability, and Scale for New Workloads Beyond Titan: The Evolution of DataStax's New Graph Database DataStax acquires Aurelius, the startup behind the Titan graph database DSE Graph review: Graph database does double duty provided by Google News | Vitess, the database clustering system powering YouTube, graduates CNCF incubation PlanetScale Unveils Distributed MySQL Database Service Based on Vitess They scaled YouTube — now they’ll shard everyone with PlanetScale Massively Scaling MySQL Using Vitess PlanetScale review: Horizontally scalable MySQL in the cloud provided by Google News |
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