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DBMS > PostgreSQL vs. Solr vs. Titan vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison PostgreSQL vs. Solr vs. Titan vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NamePostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSolr  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache LuceneTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Search engineGraph DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score42.91
Rank#24  Overall
#3  Search engines
Score0.11
Rank#343  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websitewww.postgresql.orgsolr.apache.orggithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titangithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationwww.postgresql.org/­docssolr.apache.org/­resources.htmlgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wikiwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerApache Software FoundationAurelius, owned by DataStaxJuxt Ltd.
Initial release1989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL200620122019
Current release16.2, February 20249.6.0, April 20241.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache license, version 2.0Open Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageCJavaJavaClojure
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java VM inforuns as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included)Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesyes infoDynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fieldsyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infosupports customizable data types and automatic typingyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yesno
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSolr Parallel SQL Interfacenolimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Erlang
Java
JavaScript
any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Clojure
Java
Python
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Java pluginsyesno
Triggersyesyes infoUser configurable commands triggered on index changesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodespartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashShardingyes infovia pluggable storage backendsnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesyesyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnospark-solr: github.com/­lucidworks/­spark-solr and streaming expressions to reduceyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engineno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infoRelationships in graphno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDoptimistic lockingACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcastyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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More resources
PostgreSQLSolrTitanXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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