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DBMS > Oracle Berkeley DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Stardog vs. TiDB vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison Oracle Berkeley DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Stardog vs. TiDB vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWidely used in-process key-value storeWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.A lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API
Primary database modelKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Graph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score4.66
Rank#70  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#348  Overall
#35  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.postgresql.orgwww.stardog.compingcap.comtinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlin
Technical documentationdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.stardog.comdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
DeveloperOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OraclePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerStardog-UnionPingCAP, Inc.
Initial release19941989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL201020162009
Current release18.1.40, May 202016.3, May 20247.3.0, May 20208.0.0, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)CJavaGo, RustJava
Server operating systemsAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no infoImport/export of XML data possiblenono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableyes infostandard with numerous extensionsYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serveryesno
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Groovy
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javanono
Triggersyes infoonly for the SQL APIyesyes infovia event handlersnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range)none
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication in HA-ClusterUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infowith TiSpark Connectorno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes inforelationships in graphsyes infofull support since version 6.6yes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesno
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesoptional
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesFine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno
More information provided by the system vendor
Oracle Berkeley DBPostgreSQLStardogTiDBTinkerGraph
Specific characteristicsTiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more
Competitive advantages- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more
Typical application scenariosTiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more
Key customersBlock, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more
Market metrics34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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