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DBMS > Oracle vs. PostgreSQL vs. Solr vs. SQream DB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Oracle vs. PostgreSQL vs. Solr vs. SQream DB vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameOracle  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSolr  Xexclude from comparisonSQream DB  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWidely used RDBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache Lucenea GPU-based, columnar RDBMS for big data analytics workloadsVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Search engineRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Spatial DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1244.08
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score41.02
Rank#24  Overall
#3  Search engines
Score0.74
Rank#224  Overall
#103  Relational DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.oracle.com/­databasewww.postgresql.orgsolr.apache.orgsqream.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasewww.postgresql.org/­docssolr.apache.org/­resources.htmldocs.sqream.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperOraclePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerApache Software FoundationSQream TechnologiesOpenLink Software
Initial release19801989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL200620171998
Current release23c, September 202316.3, May 20249.6.1, May 20242022.1.6, December 20227.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC and C++CJavaC++, CUDA, Haskell, Java, ScalaC
Server operating systemsAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java VM inforuns as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included)LinuxAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyesyes infoDynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fieldsyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infosupports customizable data types and automatic typingyes, ANSI Standard SQL Typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexednoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSolr Parallel SQL Interfaceyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
.Net
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Erlang
Java
JavaScript
any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Java pluginsuser defined functions in Pythonyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyesyes infoUser configurable commands triggered on index changesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding, horizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashShardinghorizontal and vertical partitioningyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesnoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsno infocan be realized in PL/SQLnospark-solr: github.com/­lucidworks/­spark-solr and streaming expressions to reducenoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACIDoptimistic lockingACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
OraclePostgreSQLSolrSQream DBVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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OraclePostgreSQLSolrSQream DBVirtuoso
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