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DBMS > Neo4j vs. Solr vs. Virtuoso vs. Weaviate

System Properties Comparison Neo4j vs. Solr vs. Virtuoso vs. Weaviate

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonSolr  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparisonWeaviate  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsA widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache LuceneVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphsAn AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.
Primary database modelGraph DBMSSearch engineDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Vector DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score44.47
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score44.28
Rank#24  Overall
#3  Search engines
Score4.20
Rank#83  Overall
#14  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#45  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Score1.89
Rank#138  Overall
#4  Vector DBMS
Websiteneo4j.comsolr.apache.orgvirtuoso.openlinksw.comgithub.com/­weaviate/­weaviate
weaviate.io
Technical documentationneo4j.com/­docssolr.apache.org/­resources.htmldocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuosoweaviate.io/­developers/­weaviate
DeveloperNeo4j, Inc.Apache Software FoundationOpenLink SoftwareWeaviate B.V.
Initial release2007200619982019
Current release5.19, April 20249.5.0, February 20247.2.11, September 20231.19, May 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license availableOpen Source infocommercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJava, ScalaJavaCGo
Server operating systemsLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java VM inforuns as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included)AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-free and schema-optionalyes infoDynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fieldsyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
yes, maps to GraphQL interface
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infosupports customizable data types and automatic typingyesyes infostring, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesno
Secondary indexesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyes infoall data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSolr Parallel SQL Interfaceyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLXGraphQL is used as query language
APIs and other access methodsBolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Erlang
Java
JavaScript
any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
JavaScript / TypeScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoUser defined Procedures and FunctionsJava pluginsyes infoVirtuoso PLno
Triggersyes infovia event handleryes infoUser configurable commands triggered on index changesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyes using Neo4j FabricShardingyesSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyyesChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnospark-solr: github.com/­lucidworks/­spark-solr and streaming expressions to reduceyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDoptimistic lockingACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)yesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)API Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery
More information provided by the system vendor
Neo4jSolrVirtuosoWeaviate
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
All companies that have data. ​
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more
Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
» more
News

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25 April 2024

What Is Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)?
24 April 2024

This Week in Neo4j: Google Cloud, Analysis, Knowledge Graph, Relationships and more
20 April 2024

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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