DBMS > MonetDB vs. OrientDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP HANA vs. SQLite
System Properties Comparison MonetDB vs. OrientDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP HANA vs. SQLite
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| Name | MonetDB Xexclude from comparison | OrientDB Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | SAP HANA Xexclude from comparison | SQLite Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | A relational database management system that stores data in columns | Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value) | Widely used open source RDBMS  Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service | Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Relational DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS Key-value store | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store Spatial DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | Document store Graph DBMS with SAP Hana, Enterprise EditionSpatial DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | www.monetdb.org | orientdb.org | www.postgresql.org | www.sap.com/products/hana.html | www.sqlite.org | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | www.monetdb.org/Documentation | www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html | www.postgresql.org/docs | help.sap.com/hana | www.sqlite.org/docs.html | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | MonetDB BV | OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | SAP | Dwayne Richard Hipp | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2004 | 2010 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2010 | 2000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | Dec2023 (11.49), December 2023 | 3.2.29, March 2024 | 16.2, February 2024 | 2.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023 | 3.45.3 (15 April 2024), April 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Mozilla Public License 2.0 | Open Source Apache version 2 | Open Source BSD | commercial | Open Source Public Domain | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no also available as a cloud based service | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Implementation language | C | Java | C | C | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | FreeBSD Linux OS X Solaris Windows | All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6) | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | Appliance or cloud-service | server-less | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | yes | schema-free Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid") | yes | yes | yes dynamic column types | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | yes SQL 2003 with some extensions | SQL-like query language, no joins | yes standard with numerous extensions | yes | yes SQL-92 is not fully supported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | JDBC native C library MAPI library (MonetDB application programming interface)ODBC | Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes Java API RESTful HTTP/JSON API | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | JDBC ODBC | ADO.NET inofficial driver JDBC inofficial driverODBC inofficial driver | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | C C++ Java JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python R Ruby | .Net C C# C++ Clojure Java JavaScript JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python Ruby Scala | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | Actionscript Ada Basic C C# C++ D Delphi Forth Fortran Haskell Java JavaScript Lisp Lua MatLab Objective-C OCaml Perl PHP PL/SQL Python R Ruby Scala Scheme Smalltalk Tcl | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | yes, in SQL, C, R | Java, Javascript | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | SQLScript, R | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | yes | Hooks | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding via remote tables | Sharding | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | yes | none | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | none Source-replica replication available in experimental status | Multi-source replication | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | yes | none | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no could be achieved with distributed queries | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes | yes relationship in graphs | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | ACID | ACID | ACID | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes via file-system locks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| MonetDB | OrientDB | PostgreSQL | SAP HANA | SQLite | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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