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DBMS > Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. PostGIS vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. PostGIS vs. SQLite

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonPostGIS  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used in-process key-value storeSpatial extension of PostgreSQLWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Spatial DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score2.01
Rank#126  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score21.72
Rank#29  Overall
#1  Spatial DBMS
Score111.41
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlpostgis.netwww.sqlite.org
Technical documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlpostgis.net/­documentationwww.sqlite.org/­docs.html
DeveloperMicrosoftOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleDwayne Richard Hipp
Initial release1989199420052000
Current releaseSQL Server 2022, November 202218.1.40, May 20203.4.2, February 20243.46.0  (23 May 2024), May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoGPL v2.0Open Source infoPublic Domain
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)CC
Server operating systemsLinux
Windows
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
server-less
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes infodynamic column types
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableyesyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supported
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javanouser defined functionsno
Triggersyesyes infoonly for the SQL APIyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodestables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationnoneyes infobased on PostgreSQLnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replicationyes infobased on PostgreSQLnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infovia file-system locks
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoyes infobased on PostgreSQLno

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Related products and services
3rd partiesNavicat for SQL Server gives you a fully graphical approach to database management and development.
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Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for SQL Server and many other database management systems.
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Navicat for SQLite is a powerful and comprehensive SQLite GUI that provides a complete set of functions for database management and development.
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More resources
Microsoft SQL ServerOracle Berkeley DBPostGISSQLite
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