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DBMS > Microsoft SQL Server vs. OpenEdge vs. Oracle vs. PostgreSQL vs. SpatiaLite

System Properties Comparison Microsoft SQL Server vs. OpenEdge vs. Oracle vs. PostgreSQL vs. SpatiaLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonOpenEdge  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSpatiaLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSApplication development environment with integrated database management systemWidely used RDBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLSpatial extension of SQLite
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Spatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score3.45
Rank#85  Overall
#46  Relational DBMS
Score1244.08
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score1.63
Rank#146  Overall
#3  Spatial DBMS
Websitewww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.progress.com/­openedgewww.oracle.com/­databasewww.postgresql.orgwww.gaia-gis.it/­fossil/­libspatialite/­index
Technical documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocumentation.progress.com/­output/­ua/­OpenEdge_latestdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasewww.postgresql.org/­docswww.gaia-gis.it/­gaia-sins/­spatialite_topics.html
DeveloperMicrosoftProgress Software CorporationOraclePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerAlessandro Furieri
Initial release1989198419801989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2008
Current releaseSQL Server 2022, November 2022OpenEdge 12.2, March 202023c, September 202316.3, May 20245.0.0, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoMPL 1.1, GPL v2.0 or LGPL v2.1
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C and C++CC++
Server operating systemsLinux
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
server-less
Data schemeyesyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Progress proprietary ABL (Advanced Business Language)C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavayesPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersyesyesyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodestables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationhorizontal partitioning infosince Version 11.4Sharding, horizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infocan be realized in PL/SQLnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
Microsoft SQL ServerOpenEdgeOraclePostgreSQLSpatiaLite
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