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DBMS > Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Speedb

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Speedb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSpeedb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used in-process key-value storeWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLAn embeddable, high performance key-value store optimized for write-intensive workloads, which can be used as a drop-in replacement for RocksDB
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Key-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.21
Rank#315  Overall
#45  Key-value stores
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.postgresql.orgwww.speedb.io
Technical documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperMicrosoftMicrosoftOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OraclePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSpeedb
Initial release2016198919941989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2020
Current releaseSQL Server 2022, November 202218.1.40, May 202016.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0; commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageC++C++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)CC++
Server operating systemshostedLinux
Windows
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
Java
PHP
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresTransact SQLTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javanouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersnoyesyes infoonly for the SQL APIyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding, horizontal partitioningtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashhorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDyes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno
More information provided by the system vendor
Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseMicrosoft SQL ServerOracle Berkeley DBPostgreSQLSpeedb
Specific characteristicsSpeedb is an embedded key-value storage engine for versatile use cases. It was designed...
» more
Competitive advantagesSpeedb Open-source rebases on RocksDB's latest versions, with enhanced capabilities...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsOpen source - Speedb OSS is released under an Apache license and can be found on...
» more

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More resources
Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseMicrosoft SQL ServerOracle Berkeley DBPostgreSQLSpeedb
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