DBMS > Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL vs. Sqrrl vs. Tarantool vs. Warp 10
System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL vs. Sqrrl vs. Tarantool vs. Warp 10
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| Name | Microsoft Azure SQL Database  formerly SQL Azure Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | Sqrrl Xexclude from comparison | Tarantool Xexclude from comparison | Warp 10 Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sqrrl has been acquired by Amazon and became a part of Amazon Web Services. It has been removed from the DB-Engines ranking. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | Adaptable, secure NoSQL built on Apache Accumulo | In-memory computing platform with a flexible data schema for efficiently building high-performance applications | TimeSeries DBMS specialized on timestamped geo data based on LevelDB or HBase | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Document store Graph DBMS Key-value store Wide column store | Document store Key-value store Relational DBMS | Time Series DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store Graph DBMS Spatial DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | Spatial DBMS with Tarantool/GIS extension | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database | www.postgresql.org | sqrrl.com | www.tarantool.io | www.warp10.io | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql | www.postgresql.org/docs | www.tarantool.io/en/doc | www.warp10.io/content/02_Getting_started | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Microsoft | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | Amazon originally Sqrrl Data, Inc. | VK | SenX | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2010 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2012 | 2008 | 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | V12 | 16.3, May 2024 | 2.10.0, May 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | commercial | Open Source BSD | commercial | Open Source BSD-2, source-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Tarantool Enterprise | Open Source Apache License 2.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | yes | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Implementation language | C++ | C | Java | C and C++ | Java | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | hosted | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | Linux | BSD Linux macOS | Linux OS X Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | yes | yes | schema-free | Flexible data schema: relational definition for tables with ability to store json-like documents in columns | schema-free | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes | string, double, decimal, uuid, integer, blob, boolean, datetime | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | yes | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | yes | yes standard with numerous extensions | no | Full-featured ANSI SQL support | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | Accumulo Shell Java API JDBC ODBC RESTful HTTP API Thrift | Open binary protocol | HTTP API Jupyter WebSocket | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | .Net C# Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python Ruby | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | Actionscript C using GLibC# C++ Cocoa Delphi Erlang Go Haskell Java JavaScript OCaml Perl PHP Python Ruby Smalltalk | C C# C++ Erlang Go Java JavaScript Lua Perl PHP Python Rust | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | Transact SQL | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | no | Lua, C and SQL stored procedures | yes WarpScript | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | yes | yes | no | yes, before/after data modification events, on replication events, client session events | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | Sharding making use of Hadoop | Sharding, partitioned with virtual buckets by user defined affinity key. Live resharding for scale up and scale down without maintenance downtime. | Sharding based on HBase | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | yes, with always 3 replicas available | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | selectable replication factor making use of Hadoop | Asynchronous replication with multi-master option Configurable replication topology (full-mesh, chain, star) Synchronous quorum replication (with Raft) | selectable replication factor based on HBase | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | yes | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency Document store kept consistent with combination of global timestamping, row-level transactions, and server-side consistency resolution. | Casual consistency across sharding partitions Eventual consistency within replicaset partition when using asyncronous replicationImmediate Consistency within single instance Sequential consistency including linearizable read within replicaset partition when using Raft | Immediate Consistency based on HBase | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes | yes | no | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | ACID | Atomic updates per row, document, or graph entity | ACID, with serializable isolation and linearizable read (within partition); Configurable MVCC (within partition); No cross-shard distributed transactions | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes, cooperative multitasking | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes, write ahead logging | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | yes, full featured in-memory storage engine with persistence | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Cell-level Security, Data-Centric Security, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) | Access Control Lists Mutual TLS authentication for Tarantol Enterprise Password based authentication Role-based access control (RBAC) and LDAP for Tarantol Enterprise Users and Roles | Mandatory use of cryptographic tokens, containing fine-grained authorizations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Microsoft Azure SQL Database formerly SQL Azure | PostgreSQL | Sqrrl | Tarantool | Warp 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2020 Cloud-based DBMS's popularity grows at high rates The popularity of cloud-based DBMSs has increased tenfold in four years | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 | Data processing speed and reliability: in-memory synchronous replication | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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