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DBMS > Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP SQL Anywhere vs. STSdb

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP SQL Anywhere vs. STSdb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSAP SQL Anywhere infoformerly called Adaptive Server Anywhere  Xexclude from comparisonSTSdb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLRDBMS database and synchronization technologies for server, desktop, remote office, and mobile environmentsKey-Value Store with special method for indexing infooptimized for high performance using a special indexing method
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSKey-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score4.25
Rank#79  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.04
Rank#360  Overall
#52  Key-value stores
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.orgwww.sap.com/­products/­technology-platform/­sql-anywhere.htmlgithub.com/­STSSoft/­STSdb4
Technical documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqllearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.org/­docshelp.sap.com/­docs/­SAP_SQL_Anywhere
DeveloperMicrosoftMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSAP infoformerly SybaseSTS Soft SC
Initial release201019891989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL19922011
Current releaseV12SQL Server 2022, November 202216.3, May 202417, July 20154.0.8, September 2015
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
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Implementation languageC++C++CC#
Server operating systemshostedLinux
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infoprimitive types and user defined types (classes)
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyesno
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
.NET Client API
Supported programming languages.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresTransact SQLTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes, in C/C++, Java, .Net or Perlno
Triggersyesyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodestables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, with always 3 replicas availableyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication infoDatabase mirroringnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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Related products and services
3rd partiesNavicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for SQL Server and many other database management systems.
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Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres: An Enterprise Grade PostgreSQL with the flexibility of a hybrid cloud solution combined with industry leading security, availability and performance.
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More resources
Microsoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureMicrosoft SQL ServerPostgreSQLSAP SQL Anywhere infoformerly called Adaptive Server AnywhereSTSdb
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