DBMS > Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Oracle vs. PostgreSQL vs. PouchDB vs. ScyllaDB
System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Oracle vs. PostgreSQL vs. PouchDB vs. ScyllaDB
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Name | Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB former name was Azure DocumentDB Xexclude from comparison | Oracle Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | PouchDB Xexclude from comparison | ScyllaDB Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service | Widely used RDBMS | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | JavaScript DBMS with an API inspired by CouchDB | Cassandra and DynamoDB compatible wide column store | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary database model | Document store Graph DBMS Key-value store Wide column store | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Document store | Wide column store | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary database models | Spatial DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Oracle Spatial and Graph RDF store with Oracle Spatial and Graph Spatial DBMS with Oracle Spatial and Graph Vector DBMS since Oracle 23 | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache Age Spatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | Key-value store | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Website | azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db | www.oracle.com/database | www.postgresql.org | pouchdb.com | www.scylladb.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical documentation | learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db | docs.oracle.com/en/database | www.postgresql.org/docs | pouchdb.com/guides | docs.scylladb.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Developer | Microsoft | Oracle | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | Apache Software Foundation | ScyllaDB | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial release | 2014 | 1980 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2012 | 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current release | 23c, September 2023 | 16.2, February 2024 | 7.1.1, June 2019 | ScyllaDB Open Source 5.4.1, January 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
License Commercial or Open Source | commercial | commercial restricted free version is available | Open Source BSD | Open Source | Open Source Open Source (AGPL), commercial license available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | yes | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools. | Scylla Cloud: Create real-time applications that run at global scale with Scylla Cloud, the industry’s most powerful NoSQL DBaaS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implementation language | C and C++ | C | JavaScript | C++ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server operating systems | hosted | AIX HP-UX Linux OS X Solaris Windows z/OS | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) | Linux | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data scheme | schema-free | yes Schemaless in JSON and XML columns | yes | schema-free | schema-free | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes JSON types | yes | yes | no | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | yes | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary indexes | yes All properties auto-indexed by default | yes | yes | yes via views | yes cluster global secondary indices | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SQL Support of SQL | SQL-like query language | yes with proprietary extensions | yes standard with numerous extensions | no | SQL-like DML and DDL statements (CQL) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
APIs and other access methods | DocumentDB API Graph API (Gremlin) MongoDB API RESTful HTTP API Table API | JDBC ODBC ODP.NET Oracle Call Interface (OCI) | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | HTTP REST only for PouchDB Server JavaScript API | Proprietary protocol (CQL) compatible with CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language) RESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible) Thrift | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supported programming languages | .Net C# Java JavaScript JavaScript (Node.js) MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages Python | C C# C++ Clojure Cobol Delphi Eiffel Erlang Fortran Groovy Haskell Java JavaScript Lisp Objective C OCaml Perl PHP Python R Ruby Scala Tcl Visual Basic | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBC JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | JavaScript | For CQL interface: C#, C++, Clojure, Erlang, Go, Haskell, Java, JavaScript, Node.js, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, Rust, Scala For DynamoDB interface: .Net, ColdFusion, Erlang, Groovy, Java, JavaScript, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server-side scripts Stored procedures | JavaScript | PL/SQL also stored procedures in Java possible | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | View functions in JavaScript | yes, Lua | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triggers | JavaScript | yes | yes | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding Implicit feature of the cloud service | Sharding, horizontal partitioning | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | Sharding with a proxy-based framework, named couchdb-lounge | Sharding | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | yes Implicit feature of the cloud service | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | Multi-source replication also with CouchDB databases Source-replica replication also with CouchDB databases | selectable replication factor Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | with Hadoop integration Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure* | no can be realized in PL/SQL | no | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Bounded Staleness Consistent Prefix Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency Consistency level configurable on request level Session Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Eventual Consistency | Eventual Consistency Tunable Consistency can be individually decided for each write operation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | yes | yes | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition | ACID isolation level can be parameterized | ACID | no | no Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes by using IndexedDB, WebSQL or LevelDB as backend | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory' | no | yes | yes in-memory tables | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
User concepts Access control | Access rights can be defined down to the item level | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | no | Access rights for users can be defined per object | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB former name was Azure DocumentDB | Oracle | PostgreSQL | PouchDB | ScyllaDB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Specific characteristics | ScyllaDB is engineered to deliver predictable performance at scale. It’s adopted... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Competitive advantages | Highly-performant (efficiently utilizes full resources of a node and network; millions... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typical application scenarios | ScyllaDB is ideal for applications that require high throughput and low latency at... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key customers | Discord, Epic Games, Expedia, Zillow, Comcast, Disney+ Hotstar, Samsung, ShareChat,... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Market metrics | ScyllaDB typically offers ~75% total cost of ownership savings, with ~5X higher throughput... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Licensing and pricing models | ScyllaDB Open Source - free open source software (AGPL) ScyllaDB Enterprise - subscription-based... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB former name was Azure DocumentDB | Oracle | PostgreSQL | PouchDB | ScyllaDB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DB-Engines blog posts | MySQL is the DBMS of the Year 2019 The struggle for the hegemony in Oracle's database empire Architecting eCommerce Platforms for Zero Downtime on Black Friday and Beyond | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 | New kids on the block: database management systems implemented in JavaScript | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conferences, events and webinars | Oracle Cloud World | Monitoring PostgreSQL with Redgate Monitor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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