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DBMS > Microsoft Access vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL vs. Sqrrl

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Access vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL vs. Sqrrl

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSqrrl  Xexclude from comparison
Sqrrl has been acquired by Amazon and became a part of Amazon Web Services. It has been removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionMicrosoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLAdaptable, secure NoSQL built on Apache Accumulo
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.16
Rank#11  Overall
#8  Relational DBMS
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­accessazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.postgresql.orgsqrrl.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­accessdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperMicrosoftMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerAmazon infooriginally Sqrrl Data, Inc.
Initial release199220101989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2012
Current release1902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 2019V1216.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infoBundled with Microsoft OfficecommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++CJava
Server operating systemsWindows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLshostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infobut not compliant to any SQL standardyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Accumulo Shell
Java API
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Actionscript
C infousing GLib
C#
C++
Cocoa
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineTransact SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infomaking use of Hadoop
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsselectable replication factor infomaking use of Hadoop
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency infoDocument store kept consistent with combination of global timestamping, row-level transactions, and server-side consistency resolution.
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infobut no files for transaction loggingACIDACIDAtomic updates per row, document, or graph entity
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infobut no files for transaction loggingyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.no
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardCell-level Security, Data-Centric Security, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)

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More resources
Microsoft AccessMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzurePostgreSQLSqrrl
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