DBMS > Memgraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SingleStore vs. TiDB vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison Memgraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SingleStore vs. TiDB vs. YugabyteDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An open source graph database built for real-time streaming and compatible with Neo4j

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

MySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type

TiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.

High-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.

Primary database model

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Document store

Document store
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.19
Rank	#94	Overall
	#8	Graph DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	5.38
Rank	#62	Overall
	#35	Relational DBMS

Score	4.25
Rank	#74	Overall
	#40	Relational DBMS

Score	2.63
Rank	#109	Overall
	#53	Relational DBMS

Website

memgraph.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.singlestore.com

pingcap.com

www.yugabyte.com

Technical documentation

memgraph.com/docs

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.singlestore.com

docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable

docs.yugabyte.com
github.com/yugabyte/yugabyte-db

Social network pages

Developer

Memgraph Ltd

Microsoft

SingleStore Inc.

PingCAP, Inc.

Yugabyte Inc.

Initial release

2017

1989

2013

2016

2017

Current release

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

8.5, January 2024

8.1.0, May 2024

2.19, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

BSL 1.1; commercial license for enterprise edition available

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

free developer edition available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.

SingleStoreDB Cloud: The world's fastest, modern cloud database for both operational (OLTP) and analytical (OLAP) workloads. Available instantly with multi-cloud and hybrid-cloud capabilities

TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.

YugabyteDB Managed is the fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB. Get started quickly, and effortlessly ensure continuous availability and limitless scale of your cloud native applications.

Implementation language

C and C++

C++

C++, Go

Go, Rust

C and C++

Server operating systems

Linux

Linux
Windows

Linux

64 bit version required

Linux

Linux
OS X

Data scheme

schema-free and schema-optional

yes

depending on used data model

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

but no triggers and foreign keys

yes

yes, PostgreSQL compatible

APIs and other access methods

Bolt protocol
Cypher query language

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Cluster Management API

as HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC

GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy

JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Elixir
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

sql, plpgsql, C

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

dynamic graph partitioning

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

hash partitioning

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

Hash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication using RAFT

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Source-replica replication

stores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

Based on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations

yes

with TiSpark Connector

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Strong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

full support since version 6.6

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

with snapshot isolation

ACID

Distributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with periodic snapshot and write-ahead logging (WAL) of changes

yes

All updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.

yes

based on RocksDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users, roles and permissions

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Fine grained access control via users, groups and roles

Fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Memgraph directly connects to your streaming infrastructure so you and your team...
» more

SingleStore offers a fully-managed , distributed, highly-scalable SQL database designed...
» more

TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more

YugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
» more

Competitive advantages

Business Source License ensures a future for the Memgraph community MAGE algorithm...
» more

SingleStore’s competitive advantages include: Easy and Simplified Architecture with...
» more

- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more

PostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
» more

Typical application scenarios

Graph algorithms in bioinformatics Social network analysis Cryptocurrency network...
» more

Driving Fast Analytics: SingleStore delivers the fastest and most scalable reporting...
» more

TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more

Systems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
» more

Key customers

IEX Cloud : Improves Financial Data Distribution Speed 15x with Singlestore DB Comcast,...
» more

Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more

Market metrics

Customers in various industries worldwide including US and International Industry...
» more

34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more

2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

You can check out our pricing model and licenses on the company website .
» more

F ree Tier and Enterprise Edition
» more

TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

Apache 2.0 license for the database
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.