DBMS > MariaDB vs. Oracle Coherence vs. Spark SQL vs. TiDB vs. Weaviate

System Properties Comparison MariaDB vs. Oracle Coherence vs. Spark SQL vs. TiDB vs. Weaviate

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.

Oracles in-memory data grid solution

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

TiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.

An AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	93.21
Rank	#13	Overall
	#9	Relational DBMS

Score	1.92
Rank	#130	Overall
	#22	Key-value stores

Score	18.96
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Score	4.66
Rank	#70	Overall
	#38	Relational DBMS

Score	1.73
Rank	#143	Overall
	#5	Vector DBMS

Website

mariadb.com

Site of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org

Site of MariaDB Foundation

www.oracle.com/java/coherence

spark.apache.org/sql

pingcap.com

github.com/weaviate/weaviate
weaviate.io

Technical documentation

mariadb.com/kb/en/library

docs.oracle.com/en/middleware/standalone/coherence

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable

weaviate.io/developers/weaviate

Developer

MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server)

The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL

Oracle

Apache Software Foundation

PingCAP, Inc.

Weaviate B.V.

Initial release

2009

Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995

2007

2014

2016

2019

Current release

11.3.2, February 2024

14.1, August 2023

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

8.0.0, March 2024

1.19, May 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

commercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.

Implementation language

C and C++

Java

Scala

Go, Rust

Server operating systems

FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows

ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

Dynamic columns are supported

schema-free

yes

yes, maps to GraphQL interface

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

all data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

GraphQL is used as query language

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

JCache
JPA
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy

GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

.Net
C++
Java

Java
Python
R
Scala

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

JavaScript / TypeScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3

Triggers

yes

Live Events

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding

Sharding

yes, utilizing Spark Core

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes, with selectable consistency level

none

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

with TiSpark Connector

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

full support since version 6.6

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

configurable

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

not for in-memory storage engine

yes

optionally

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

with MEMORY storage engine

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

authentification to access the cache via certificates or http basic authentication

Fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

API Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
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TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
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Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
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Competitive advantages

MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
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- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
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Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
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Typical application scenarios

Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
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TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
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As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
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Key customers

Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
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Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
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All companies that have data.
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Market metrics

MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
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34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
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As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
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Licensing and pricing models

MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
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TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
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Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.