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DBMS > MariaDB vs. Milvus vs. OrientDB vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison MariaDB vs. Milvus vs. OrientDB vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMariaDB  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionMySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.A DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSVector DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score93.21
Rank#13  Overall
#9  Relational DBMS
Score2.31
Rank#113  Overall
#3  Vector DBMS
Score3.19
Rank#93  Overall
#16  Document stores
#7  Graph DBMS
#14  Key-value stores
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitemariadb.com infoSite of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org infoSite of MariaDB Foundation
milvus.ioorientdb.orgwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationmariadb.com/­kb/­en/­librarymilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mdwww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperMariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) infoThe lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL
OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2009 infoFork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995201920101989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release11.3.2, February 20242.3.4, January 20243.2.29, March 202416.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoGPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus
  • Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
  • PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC and C++C++, GoJavaC
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows infoColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows
Linux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyes infoDynamic columns are supportedschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesVector, Numeric and Stringyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infowith proprietary extensionsnoSQL-like query language, no joinsyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
RESTful HTTP APITinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesAda
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoPL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3noJava, Javascriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
TriggersyesnoHooksyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesseveral options for horizontal partitioning and ShardingShardingShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infocould be achieved with distributed queriesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infonot for MyISAM storage enginenoyes inforelationship in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infonot for MyISAM storage enginenoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infonot for in-memory storage engineyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infowith MEMORY storage engineyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole based access control and fine grained access rightsAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurablefine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
MariaDBMilvusOrientDBPostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsMariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
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Milvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
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Competitive advantagesMariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
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Highly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
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Typical application scenariosWeb, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
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RAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
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Key customersDeutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
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Milvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
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Market metricsMariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
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As of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
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Licensing and pricing modelsMariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
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Milvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
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