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DBMS > LevelDB vs. Microsoft Access vs. PlanetScale vs. PostgreSQL vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison LevelDB vs. Microsoft Access vs. PlanetScale vs. PostgreSQL vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparisonPlanetScale  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesMicrosoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)Scalable, distributed, serverless MySQL database platform built on top of VitessWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score104.92
Rank#11  Overall
#8  Relational DBMS
Score1.59
Rank#151  Overall
#70  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­accessplanetscale.comwww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­accessplanetscale.com/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftPlanetScalePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer8Kdata
Initial release2011199220201989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2016
Current release1.23, February 20211902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 201916.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDcommercial infoBundled with Microsoft OfficecommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageC++C++GoCJava
Server operating systemsIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Windows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLsDocker
Linux
macOS
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infobut not compliant to any SQL standardyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
JDBC
MySQL protocol
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineyes infoproprietary syntaxuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnoyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency across shards
Immediate Consistency within a shard
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage engineyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infobut no files for transaction loggingACID at shard levelACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engineyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes infobut no files for transaction loggingyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnono infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003Users with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
LevelDBMicrosoft AccessPlanetScalePostgreSQLToroDB
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