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DBMS > LevelDB vs. MaxDB vs. Microsoft Access vs. PostgreSQL vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison LevelDB vs. MaxDB vs. Microsoft Access vs. PostgreSQL vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-D  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesA robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutionsMicrosoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score2.32
Rank#112  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score104.92
Rank#11  Overall
#8  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­google/­leveldbmaxdb.sap.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­accesswww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdmaxdb.sap.com/­documentationdeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­accesswww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperGoogleSAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997MicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer8Kdata
Initial release2011198419921989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2016
Current release1.23, February 20217.9.10.12, February 20241902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 201916.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDcommercial infoLimited community edition freecommercial infoBundled with Microsoft OfficeOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++C++CJava
Server operating systemsIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Windows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLsFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyes infobut not compliant to any SQL standardyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV
ADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnoyesyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneSource-replica replicationnoneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACID infobut no files for transaction loggingACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes infobut no files for transaction loggingyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
LevelDBMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-DMicrosoft AccessPostgreSQLToroDB
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