DBMS > LeanXcale vs. LevelDB vs. MariaDB vs. SingleStore vs. Trino

System Properties Comparison LeanXcale vs. LevelDB vs. MariaDB vs. SingleStore vs. Trino

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilities

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.

MySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type

Fast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL

Primary database model

Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Document store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.36
Rank	#280	Overall
	#40	Key-value stores
	#129	Relational DBMS

Score	2.25
Rank	#115	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	91.04
Rank	#13	Overall
	#9	Relational DBMS

Score	5.38
Rank	#62	Overall
	#35	Relational DBMS

Score	4.99
Rank	#65	Overall
	#36	Relational DBMS

Website

www.leanxcale.com

github.com/google/leveldb

mariadb.com

Site of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org

Site of MariaDB Foundation

www.singlestore.com

trino.io

Technical documentation

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

mariadb.com/kb/en/library

docs.singlestore.com

trino.io/broadcast
trino.io/docs/current

Social network pages

Developer

LeanXcale

Google

MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server)

The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL

SingleStore Inc.

Trino Software Foundation

Initial release

2015

2011

2009

Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995

2013

2012

2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL

Current release

1.23, February 2021

11.3.2, February 2024

8.5, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available

commercial

free developer edition available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.

SingleStoreDB Cloud: The world's fastest, modern cloud database for both operational (OLTP) and analytical (OLAP) workloads. Available instantly with multi-cloud and hybrid-cloud capabilities

Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.

Implementation language

C++

C and C++

C++, Go

Java

Server operating systems

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows

ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows

Linux

64 bit version required

Linux
macOS

for devlopment

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Dynamic columns are supported

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

depending on connected data-source

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

through Apache Derby

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

but no triggers and foreign keys

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Cluster Management API

as HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI

Supported programming languages

C
Java
Scala

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3

yes

yes, depending on connected data-source

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding

Sharding

hash partitioning

depending on connected data-source

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Source-replica replication

stores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes

depending on connected data-source

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

depending on connected data-source

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

depending on connected data-source

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

not for in-memory storage engine

yes

All updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.

depending on connected data-source

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

with MEMORY storage engine

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Fine grained access control via users, groups and roles

SQL standard access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
» more

SingleStore offers a fully-managed , distributed, highly-scalable SQL database designed...
» more

Trino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
» more

Competitive advantages

MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
» more

SingleStore’s competitive advantages include: Easy and Simplified Architecture with...
» more

High performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
» more

Driving Fast Analytics: SingleStore delivers the fastest and most scalable reporting...
» more

Performant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
» more

Key customers

Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
» more

IEX Cloud : Improves Financial Data Distribution Speed 15x with Singlestore DB Comcast,...
» more

Trino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
» more

Market metrics

MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
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Customers in various industries worldwide including US and International Industry...
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33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
» more

F ree Tier and Enterprise Edition
» more

Trino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
» more

News

One busy week to go before Trino Fest 2024
6 June 2024

60: Trino calling AI
22 May 2024

Big names round out the Trino Fest 2024 lineup
8 May 2024

59: Querying Trino with Java and jOOQ
24 April 2024

A sneak peek of Trino Fest 2024
15 April 2024

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.