DBMS > Hive vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Oracle vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison Hive vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Oracle vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on Hadoop

Cloud-based data warehousing service

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

Widely used RDBMS

A lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	61.17
Rank	#18	Overall
	#12	Relational DBMS

Score	1.30
Rank	#164	Overall
	#75	Relational DBMS

Score	77.99
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	0.08
Rank	#348	Overall
	#35	Graph DBMS

Website

hive.apache.org

www.ibm.com/products/db2/warehouse

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

www.oracle.com/database

tinkerpop.apache.org/docs/current/reference/#tinkergraph-gremlin

Technical documentation

cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Home

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

docs.oracle.com/en/database

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

initially developed by Facebook

IBM

Microsoft

Oracle

Initial release

2012

2014

2010

1980

2009

Current release

3.1.3, April 2022

V12

23c, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

C and C++

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Data scheme

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import/export of XML data possible

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC
Thrift

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

C++
Java
PHP
Python

Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Groovy
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

PL/SQL, SQL PL

Transact SQL

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

yes

yes, with always 3 replicas available

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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