DBMS > Heroic vs. Immudb vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Heroic vs. Immudb vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Time Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearch

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Widely used RDBMS

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.51
Rank	#255	Overall
	#21	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.24
Rank	#305	Overall
	#43	Key-value stores

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Website

github.com/spotify/heroic

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

github.com/google/leveldb

www.oracle.com/database

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

spotify.github.io/heroic

docs.immudb.io

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

docs.oracle.com/en/database

Developer

Spotify

Codenotary

Google

Oracle

8Kdata

Initial release

2014

2020

2011

1980

2016

Current release

1.2.3, April 2022

1.23, February 2021

23c, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

BSD

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

C and C++

Java

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

via Elasticsearch

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like syntax

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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