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DBMS > HBase vs. Immudb vs. Kingbase vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison HBase vs. Immudb vs. Kingbase vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameHBase  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonKingbase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTableAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelWide column storeKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRDF store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score30.50
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score0.24
Rank#305  Overall
#43  Key-value stores
Score0.45
Rank#262  Overall
#123  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitehbase.apache.orggithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
www.kingbase.com.cnazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaserdf4j.org
Technical documentationhbase.apache.org/­book.htmldocs.immudb.iodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlrdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetCodenotaryBeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.MicrosoftSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release20082020199920102004
Current release2.3.4, January 20211.2.3, April 2022V8.0, August 2021V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaGoC and JavaC++Java
Server operating systemsLinux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-free, schema definition possibleschema-freeyesyesyes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateoptions to bring your own types, AVROyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like syntaxStandard with numerous extensionsyesno
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoCoprocessors in Javanouser defined functionsTransact SQLyes
Triggersyesnoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardinghorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yesyes, with always 3 replicas availablenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)ACIDACIDACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABACfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
HBaseImmudbKingbaseMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
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