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DBMS > H2 vs. Percona Server for MongoDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. SQLite vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Percona Server for MongoDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. SQLite vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonPercona Server for MongoDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A drop-in replacement for MongoDB Community Edition with enterprise-grade features.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMSTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score0.52
Rank#254  Overall
#39  Document stores
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score114.32
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Score4.66
Rank#70  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.h2database.comwww.percona.com/­mongodb/­software/­percona-server-for-mongodbwww.postgresql.orgwww.sqlite.orgpingcap.com
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.percona.com/­percona-distribution-for-mongodbwww.postgresql.org/­docswww.sqlite.org/­docs.htmldocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
DeveloperThomas MuellerPerconaPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerDwayne Richard HippPingCAP, Inc.
Initial release200520151989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20002016
Current release2.2.220, July 20233.4.10-2.10, November 201716.3, May 20243.46.0  (23 May 2024), May 20248.1.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoGPL Version 2Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoPublic DomainOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++CCGo, Rust
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
server-lessLinux
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes infodynamic column typesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.yes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supportedyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol using JSONADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languagesJavaActionscript
C
C#
C++
Clojure
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Smalltalk
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsJavaScriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nono
Triggersyesnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonoyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyesyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes infovia file-system locksyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infovia In-Memory Enginenoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
H2Percona Server for MongoDBPostgreSQLSQLiteTiDB
Specific characteristicsTiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more
Competitive advantages- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more
Typical application scenariosTiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more
Key customersBlock, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more
Market metrics34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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More resources
H2Percona Server for MongoDBPostgreSQLSQLiteTiDB
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