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DBMS > H2 vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Titan vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Titan vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasegithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titangithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
DeveloperThomas MuellerMicrosoftAurelius, owned by DataStax8Kdata
Initial release2005201020122016
Current release2.2.220, July 2023V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialOpen Source infoApache license, version 2.0Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++JavaJava
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languagesJava.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsTransact SQLyes
Triggersyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyes infovia pluggable storage backendsSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes, with always 3 replicas availableyesSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyes infoRelationships in graphno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcastyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph ServerAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
H2Microsoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureTitanToroDB
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