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DBMS > H2 vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Netezza vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Netezza vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonNetezza infoAlso called PureData System for Analytics by IBM  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSData warehouse and analytics appliance part of IBM PureSystemsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.57
Rank#47  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score1.94
Rank#120  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
Score807.76
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score7.56
Rank#48  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.h2database.comwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.ibm.com/­products/­netezzawww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlwww.lmdb.tech/­doclearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperThomas MuellerSymasMicrosoftIBMPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20052011198920001989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release2.2.220, July 20230.9.32, January 2024SQL Server 2022, November 202216.4, August 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Sourcecommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageJavaCC++C
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinux
Unix
Windows
Linux
Windows
Linux infoincluded in applianceFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoyesyesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesJava.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C
C++
Fortran
Java
Lua
Perl
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsnoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javayesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenoneyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
H2LMDBMicrosoft SQL ServerNetezza infoAlso called PureData System for Analytics by IBMPostgreSQL
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