DBMS > H2 vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. SQLite vs. SWC-DB

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. SQLite vs. SWC-DB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database library

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

A high performance, scalable Wide Column DBMS

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	1.99
Rank	#125	Overall
	#21	Key-value stores

Score	77.99
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Score	114.32
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Score	0.01
Rank	#376	Overall
	#13	Wide column stores

Website

www.h2database.com

www.symas.com/symas-embedded-database-lmdb

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

www.sqlite.org

github.com/kashirin-alex/swc-db
www.swcdb.org

Technical documentation

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

www.lmdb.tech/doc

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

Developer

Thomas Mueller

Symas

Microsoft

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Alex Kashirin

Initial release

2005

2011

2010

2000

2020

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

0.9.32, January 2024

V12

3.45.3 (15 April 2024), April 2024

0.5, April 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Public Domain

Open Source

GPL V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
Unix
Windows

hosted

server-less

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

dynamic column types

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

Proprietary protocol
Thrift

Supported programming languages

Java

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

C++

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Transact SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

none

yes, with always 3 replicas available

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

via file-system locks

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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