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DBMS > H2 vs. Heroic vs. IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Neo4j

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Heroic vs. IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Neo4j

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Time Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchCommon in IBM host environments, 2 different versions for host and Windows/LinuxDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infoSince Version 10.5 support for JSON/BSON documents compatible with MongoDBRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
RDF store infoin Db2 LUW (Linux, Unix, Windows)
Spatial DBMS infowith Db2 Spatial Extender
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score0.46
Rank#265  Overall
#22  Time Series DBMS
Score125.90
Rank#9  Overall
#6  Relational DBMS
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score44.89
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.h2database.comgithub.com/­spotify/­heroicwww.ibm.com/­products/­db2azure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaseneo4j.com
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlspotify.github.io/­heroicwww.ibm.com/­docs/­en/­db2docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlneo4j.com/­docs
DeveloperThomas MuellerSpotifyIBMMicrosoftNeo4j, Inc.
Initial release200520141983 infohost version20102007
Current release2.2.220, July 202312.1, October 2016V125.20, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache 2.0commercial infofree version is availablecommercialOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJavaJavaC and C++C++Java, Scala
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
hostedLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesschema-free and schema-optional
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyes infovia Elasticsearchyesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoyesyesno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
JSON style queries infoMongoDB compatible
ODBC
XQuery
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesJavaC
C#
C++
Cobol
Delphi
Fortran
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsnoyesTransact SQLyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functions
Triggersyesnoyesyesyes infovia event handler
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoonly with Windows/Unix/Linux Versionyes using Neo4j Fabric
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyesyes infowith separate tools (MQ, InfoSphere)yes, with always 3 replicas availableCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version only
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyesyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
H2HeroicIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2Microsoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureNeo4j
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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