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DBMS > Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NebulaGraph vs. Newts vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NebulaGraph vs. Newts vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonNewts  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSTime Series DBMS based on CassandraWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Graph DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.67
Rank#232  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#34  Key-value stores
Score27.71
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score2.23
Rank#116  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score0.07
Rank#375  Overall
#41  Time Series DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.graphengine.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbgithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
opennms.github.io/­newtswww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manuallearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbdocs.nebula-graph.iogithub.com/­OpenNMS/­newts/­wikiwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperMicrosoftMicrosoftVesoft Inc.OpenNMS GroupPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20102014201920141989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release16.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation language.NET and CC++JavaC
Server operating systems.NEThostedLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeStrong typed schemaschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoJSON typesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.noyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query languageSQL-like query languagenoyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIDocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
HTTP REST
Java API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
Java.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJavaScriptuser defined functionsnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
TriggersnoJavaScriptnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioningSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingSharding infobased on Cassandrapartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceCausal Clustering using Raft protocolselectable replication factor infobased on CassandraSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodswith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyes infousing RocksDByesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelRole-based access controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Graph Engine infoformer name: TrinityMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBNebulaGraphNewtsPostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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More resources
Graph Engine infoformer name: TrinityMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBNebulaGraphNewtsPostgreSQL
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