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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Greenplum vs. Hazelcast vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Greenplum vs. Hazelcast vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGreenplum  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Analytic Database platform built on PostgreSQL. Full name is Pivotal Greenplum Database infoA logical database in Greenplum is an array of individual PostgreSQL databases working together to present a single database image.A widely adopted in-memory data gridDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score8.08
Rank#48  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score5.46
Rank#61  Overall
#7  Key-value stores
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score1.36
Rank#161  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannergreenplum.orghazelcast.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.greenplum.orghazelcast.org/­imdg/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
DeveloperGooglePivotal Software Inc.HazelcastMicrosoftOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release20172005200820101998
Current release7.0.0, September 20235.3.6, November 2023V1211 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availablecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++
Server operating systemshostedLinuxAll OS with a Java VMhostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infosince Version 4.2yes infothe object must implement a serialization strategyyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesSQL-like query languageyesyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
Java
Perl
Python
R
.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesyes infoEvent Listeners, Executor ServicesTransact SQLPL/SQL
Triggersnoyesyes infoEventsyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Source-replica replicationyes infoReplicated Mapyes, with always 3 replicas availableMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyesyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitedACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerGreenplumHazelcastMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureTimesTen
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