DBMS > Google Cloud Firestore vs. MariaDB vs. Neo4j vs. RocksDB vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Firestore vs. MariaDB vs. Neo4j vs. RocksDB vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Cloud Firestore is an auto-scaling document database for storing, syncing, and querying data for mobile and web apps. It offers seamless integration with other Firebase and Google Cloud Platform products.

MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. With MariaDB ColumnStore a column-oriented storage engine is available too.

Open source graph database

Embeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)

Enterprise Knowledge Graph and graph DBMS with high availability and high performance reasoning

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS info

with OQGraph storage engine

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	5.68
Rank	#56	Overall
	#9	Document stores

Score	86.79
Rank	#13	Overall
	#8	Relational DBMS

Score	50.56
Rank	#22	Overall
	#1	Graph DBMS

Score	2.42
Rank	#99	Overall
	#18	Key-value stores

Score	0.78
Rank	#167	Overall
	#13	Graph DBMS
	#7	RDF stores

Website

firebase.google.com/products/firestore

mariadb.com info

Site of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org info

Site of MariaDB Foundation

neo4j.com

rocksdb.org

www.stardog.com

Technical documentation

firebase.google.com/docs/firestore

mariadb.com/kb/en/library

neo4j.com/docs

github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki

www.stardog.com/docs

Developer

Google

MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) info

The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL

Neo4j, Inc.

Facebook, Inc.

Stardog-Union

Initial release

2017

2009

2007

2013

2010

Current release

10.4.10, November 2019

3.5.8, July 2019

6.3.6, October 2019

6.2.3, July 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source info

GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available

Open Source info

GPL version3, commercial licenses available

Open Source info

BSD

commercial info

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Cloud-based only info

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) info

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Azure Database for MariaDB: A fully managed, scalable MariaDB relational database with high availability and security built in at no extra cost
MariaDB Managed Service: A customized MariaDB deployment fully managed by the experts at MariaDB in the cloud of your choice. Keeps you up to date with features, upgrades, hotfixes and security patches.

Neo4j Aura: The simplest way to run Neo4j in the cloud

Implementation language

C and C++

Java, Scala

C++

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows info

ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows

Linux

Can also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Dynamic columns are supported

schema-free and schema-optional

schema-free

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support info

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

pluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

SPARQL is used as query language

APIs and other access methods

Android
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM info

Object Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3

C++ API
Java API

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
Python

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C++
Java

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts info

Stored procedures

yes, Firebase Rules & Cloud Functions

yes

PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3

yes

User defined Procedures and Functions

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes, with Cloud Functions

yes

via event handler

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods info

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Horizontal partitioning, sharding with Spider storage engine or Galera cluster info

Partitioning by range, list, hash, key

none

Replication methods info

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Master-master replication

Master-master replication info

using MariaDB Galera Cluster
Master-slave replication

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol info

available in in Enterprise Version only

none

Master-master replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Using Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts info

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys info

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts info

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

yes

ACID

Concurrency info

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability info

Support for making data persistent

yes

not for in-memory storage engine

yes

In-memory capabilities info

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

with MEMORY storage engine

yes

User concepts info

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management. Security Rules for 3rd party authentication using Firebase Auth.

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

Access rights for users and roles

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Open source database from the creators of MySQL, enhanced with enterprise tools and...
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Neo4j is a native graph database platform that is built to store, query, analyze...
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Stardog is a knowledge graph platform backed by a performant, scalable graph database....
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Competitive advantages

High availability, scalability, performance beyond MySQL and other databases.
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Neo4j database is the only transactional database that combines everything you need...
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Stardog is uniquely designed to aid in data integration for your complex data. Benefits...
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Typical application scenarios

Web, SaaS and Cloud operational/transactional applications that require high availability,...
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Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
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Stardog is frequently used for: Anti-money laundering & fraud monitoring Customer...
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Key customers

Booking.com, Wikipedia, Google, Canal+, ClubMed, Deutsche Telekom, La Poste, Virgin...
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Over 300 commercial customers and over 750 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
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Bosch, Dow Jones, Elsevier, Ericsson, Morgan Stanley, NASA, NIH, Nokia, Salesforce,...
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Market metrics

MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
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Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than a 15 million...
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Stardog's technology is based on ground-breaking research by our founders cited 10,000+...
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Licensing and pricing models

GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
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A fully-featured 60-day Trial license is available for those testing Stardog; contact...
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News

This Week in Neo4j – Full Text Search Tips and Tricks, Learning Geography, MongoDB to Graph
7 December 2019

Graphs on GPUs: 5-Minute Interview with Saul Rosales
6 December 2019

Graphing Space and Time
4 December 2019

This Week in Neo4j – Building a Fashion Knowledge Graph, Carrefour Basket Dataset Challenge, Community detection on Game of Thrones, Analysing Network Traffic
30 November 2019

#GraphCast: “All Graph Databases Are Not Created Equal”
29 November 2019

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.