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DBMS > Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. PostGIS vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. PostGIS vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonPostGIS  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerWidely used in-process key-value storeSpatial extension of PostgreSQLRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelDocument storeRelational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Spatial DBMSRDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.47
Rank#76  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score22.69
Rank#29  Overall
#1  Spatial DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­datastoreazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlpostgis.netrdf4j.org
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlpostgis.net/­documentationrdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release20082010199420052004
Current releaseV1218.1.40, May 20203.4.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoGPL v2.0Open Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)CJava
Server operating systemshostedhostedAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyesyes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes, details hereyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query language (GQL)yesyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableyesno
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresusing Google App EngineTransact SQLnouser defined functionsyes
TriggersCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineyesyes infoonly for the SQL APIyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneyes infobased on PostgreSQLnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using Paxosyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replicationyes infobased on PostgreSQLnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACIDACIDACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoyes infobased on PostgreSQLno

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More resources
Google Cloud DatastoreMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureOracle Berkeley DBPostGISRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
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