DBMS > Google Cloud Bigtable vs. MongoDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. Stardog vs. TiDB
System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Bigtable vs. MongoDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. Stardog vs. TiDB
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Name | Google Cloud Bigtable Xexclude from comparison | MongoDB Xexclude from comparison | NebulaGraph Xexclude from comparison | Stardog Xexclude from comparison | TiDB Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail. | One of the most popular document stores available both as a fully managed cloud service and for deployment on self-managed infrastructure | A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS | Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization | TiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary database model | Key-value store Wide column store | Document store | Graph DBMS | Graph DBMS RDF store | Relational DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary database models | Spatial DBMS Search engine integrated Lucene index, currently in MongoDB Atlas only. Time Series DBMS Time Series Collections introduced in Release 5.0 Vector DBMS currently available in the MongoDB Atlas cloud service only | Document store | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Website | cloud.google.com/bigtable | www.mongodb.com | github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula www.nebula-graph.io | www.stardog.com | pingcap.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical documentation | cloud.google.com/bigtable/docs | www.mongodb.com/docs/manual | docs.nebula-graph.io | docs.stardog.com | docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Developer | MongoDB, Inc | Vesoft Inc. | Stardog-Union | PingCAP, Inc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial release | 2015 | 2009 | 2019 | 2010 | 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current release | 6.0.7, June 2023 | 7.3.0, May 2020 | 8.0.0, March 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
License Commercial or Open Source | commercial | Open Source MongoDB Inc.'s Server Side Public License v1. Prior versions were published under GNU AGPL v3.0. Commercial licenses are also available. | Open Source Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0 | commercial 60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students | Open Source Apache 2.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | yes | no MongoDB available as DBaaS (MongoDB Atlas) | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | MongoDB Atlas: Global multi-cloud database with unmatched data distribution and mobility across AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud, built-in automation for resource and workload optimization, and so much more. | TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implementation language | C++ | C++ | Java | Go, Rust | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server operating systems | hosted | Linux OS X Solaris Windows | Linux | Linux macOS Windows | Linux | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data scheme | schema-free | schema-free Although schema-free, documents of the same collection often follow the same structure. Optionally impose all or part of a schema by defining a JSON schema. | Strong typed schema | schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typing predefined data types such as float or date | no | yes string, integer, double, decimal, boolean, date, object_id, geospatial | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | no Import/export of XML data possible | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary indexes | no | yes | yes Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value. | yes supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SQL Support of SQL | no | Read-only SQL queries via the MongoDB Atlas SQL Interface | SQL-like query language | Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
APIs and other access methods | gRPC (using protocol buffers) API HappyBase (Python library) HBase compatible API (Java) | GraphQL HTTP REST Prisma proprietary protocol using JSON | Browser interface console (shell) Cypher Query Language GO Object Graph Mapper Java Object Graph Mapper NGBatis ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot Proprietary native API Python Object Graph Mapper Query language nGQL | GraphQL query language HTTP API Jena RDF API OWL RDF4J API Sesame REST HTTP Protocol SNARL SPARQL Spring Data Stardog Studio TinkerPop 3 | GORM JDBC ODBC Proprietary protocol SQLAlchemy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supported programming languages | C# C++ Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) Python | Actionscript unofficial driver C C# C++ Clojure unofficial driver ColdFusion unofficial driver D unofficial driver Dart unofficial driver Delphi unofficial driver Erlang Go Groovy unofficial driver Haskell Java JavaScript Kotlin Lisp unofficial driver Lua unofficial driver MatLab unofficial driver Perl PHP PowerShell unofficial driver Prolog unofficial driver Python R unofficial driver Ruby Rust Scala Smalltalk unofficial driver Swift | .Net C++ Go Java PHP Python | .Net Clojure Groovy Java JavaScript Python Ruby | Ada C C# C++ D Delphi Eiffel Erlang Haskell Java JavaScript (Node.js) Objective-C OCaml Perl PHP Python Ruby Scheme Tcl | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server-side scripts Stored procedures | no | JavaScript | user defined functions | user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triggers | no | yes in MongoDB Atlas only | yes via event handlers | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding | Sharding Partitioned by hashed, ranged, or zoned sharding keys. Live resharding allows users to change their shard keys as an online operation with zero downtime. | Sharding | none | horizontal partitioning (by key range) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zones | Multi-Source deployments with MongoDB Atlas Global Clusters Source-replica replication | Causal Clustering using Raft protocol | Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster | Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | yes | yes | no | no | yes with TiSpark Connector | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters) | Eventual Consistency can be individually decided for each read operation Immediate Consistency default behaviour | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | no typically not used, however similar functionality with DBRef possible | yes Relationships in graphs | yes relationships in graphs | yes full support since version 6.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | Atomic single-row operations | Multi-document ACID Transactions with snapshot isolation | ACID | ACID | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes optional, enabled by default | yes using RocksDB | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | yes In-memory storage engine introduced with MongoDB version 3.2 | yes | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
User concepts Access control | Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM) | Access rights for users and roles | Role-based access control | Access rights for users and roles | Fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Google Cloud Bigtable | MongoDB | NebulaGraph | Stardog | TiDB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Specific characteristics | MongoDB provides an integrated suite of cloud database and data services to accelerate... » more | NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,... » more | TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Competitive advantages | Built around the flexible document data model and unified API, MongoDB is a developer... » more | NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host... » more | - HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typical application scenarios | AI-enriched intelligent apps (Continental, Telefonica, Iron Mountain) Internet of... » more | Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti... » more | TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key customers | ADP, Adobe, Amadeus, AstraZeneca, Auto Trader, Barclays, BBVA, Bosch, Cisco, CERN,... » more | Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,... » more | Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Market metrics | Hundreds of millions downloads, over 150,000+ Atlas clusters provisioned every month... » more | At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub... » more | 34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Licensing and pricing models | MongoDB database server: Server-Side Public License (SSPL) . Commercial licenses... » more | NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license. » more | TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Google Cloud Bigtable | MongoDB | NebulaGraph | Stardog | TiDB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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