DBMS > Google Cloud Bigtable vs. MonetDB vs. Oracle vs. PostgreSQL vs. TimescaleDB
System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Bigtable vs. MonetDB vs. Oracle vs. PostgreSQL vs. TimescaleDB
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Name | Google Cloud Bigtable Xexclude from comparison | MonetDB Xexclude from comparison | Oracle Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | TimescaleDB Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail. | A relational database management system that stores data in columns | Widely used RDBMS | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | A time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary database model | Key-value store Wide column store | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Time Series DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary database models | Document store Spatial DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Oracle Spatial and Graph RDF store with Oracle Spatial and Graph Spatial DBMS with Oracle Spatial and Graph Vector DBMS since Oracle 23 | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache Age Spatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | Relational DBMS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Website | cloud.google.com/bigtable | www.monetdb.org | www.oracle.com/database | www.postgresql.org | www.timescale.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical documentation | cloud.google.com/bigtable/docs | www.monetdb.org/Documentation | docs.oracle.com/en/database | www.postgresql.org/docs | docs.timescale.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Developer | MonetDB BV | Oracle | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | Timescale | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial release | 2015 | 2004 | 1980 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current release | Dec2023 (11.49), December 2023 | 23c, September 2023 | 16.3, May 2024 | 2.15.0, May 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
License Commercial or Open Source | commercial | Open Source Mozilla Public License 2.0 | commercial restricted free version is available | Open Source BSD | Open Source Apache 2.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | yes | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Implementation language | C | C and C++ | C | C | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server operating systems | hosted | FreeBSD Linux OS X Solaris Windows | AIX HP-UX Linux OS X Solaris Windows z/OS | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | Linux OS X Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data scheme | schema-free | yes | yes Schemaless in JSON and XML columns | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typing predefined data types such as float or date | no | yes | yes | yes | numerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | yes | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary indexes | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SQL Support of SQL | no | yes SQL 2003 with some extensions | yes with proprietary extensions | yes standard with numerous extensions | yes full PostgreSQL SQL syntax | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
APIs and other access methods | gRPC (using protocol buffers) API HappyBase (Python library) HBase compatible API (Java) | JDBC native C library MAPI library (MonetDB application programming interface) ODBC | JDBC ODBC ODP.NET Oracle Call Interface (OCI) | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supported programming languages | C# C++ Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) Python | C C++ Java JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python R Ruby | C C# C++ Clojure Cobol Delphi Eiffel Erlang Fortran Groovy Haskell Java JavaScript Lisp Objective C OCaml Perl PHP Python R Ruby Scala Tcl Visual Basic | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBC JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBC JavaScript Perl PHP Python R Ruby Scheme Tcl | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server-side scripts Stored procedures | no | yes, in SQL, C, R | PL/SQL also stored procedures in Java possible | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | user defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triggers | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding | Sharding via remote tables | Sharding, horizontal partitioning | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | yes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zones | none Source-replica replication available in experimental status | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | Source-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | yes | no | no can be realized in PL/SQL | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters) | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | Atomic single-row operations | ACID | ACID isolation level can be parameterized | ACID | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | yes Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory' | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
User concepts Access control | Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM) | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Google Cloud Bigtable | MonetDB | Oracle | PostgreSQL | TimescaleDB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DB-Engines blog posts | MySQL is the DBMS of the Year 2019 The struggle for the hegemony in Oracle's database empire Architecting eCommerce Platforms for Zero Downtime on Black Friday and Beyond | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conferences, events and webinars | Oracle Cloud World | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recent citations in the news | Google's AI-First Strategy Brings Vector Support To Cloud Databases Google Introduces Autoscaling for Cloud Bigtable for Optimizing Costs Google scales up Cloud Bigtable NoSQL database Review: Google Bigtable scales with ease Google Cloud makes it cheaper to run smaller workloads on Bigtable provided by Google News | In 2024 the MonetDB Foundation was established for the preservation, maintenance and further development of the ... MonetDB Secures Investment From (and Partners With) ServiceNow PostgreSQL, MonetDB, and Too-Big-for-Memory Data in R - Part I - DataScienceCentral.com How MonetDB Exploits Modern CPU Performance | by Dwi Prasetyo Adi Nugroho MonetDB Solutions secures investment from ServiceNow provided by Google News | Blog Theme - Details Oracle And Google Partner To Deliver Multicloud Offering To Enterprises Oracle to colocate database services and network interconnect in Google data centers Let's take a look at Oracle's love and hate relationship with open source software Critical Vulnerabilities and Exposure insights with O&M Database Vulnerability Detection Service provided by Google News | Timescale unveils high-performance AI vector database extensions for PostgreSQL PostgreSQL is Now Faster than Pinecone, 75% Cheaper, with New Open Source Extensions PostgreSQL Tutorial: Definition, Commands, & Features A New Era AI Databases: PostgreSQL with pgvectorscale Outperforms Pinecone and Cuts Costs by 75% with New Open-Source Extensions Raise the bar on AI-powered app development with Azure Database for PostgreSQL provided by Google News | TimescaleDB Is a Vector Database Now, Too Timescale Acquires PopSQL to Bring a Modern, Collaborative SQL GUI to PostgreSQL Developers Power IoT and time-series workloads with TimescaleDB for Azure Database for PostgreSQL Timescale Valuation Rockets to Over $1B with $110M Round, Marking the Explosive Rise of Time-Series Data Timescale announces $15M investment and new enterprise version of TimescaleDB provided by Google News |
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