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DBMS > Google Cloud Bigtable vs. HyperSQL vs. KairosDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Bigtable vs. HyperSQL vs. KairosDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonKairosDB  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBDistributed Time Series DBMS based on Cassandra or H2A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSTime Series DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score0.62
Rank#239  Overall
#20  Time Series DBMS
Score2.14
Rank#120  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­bigtablehsqldb.orggithub.com/­kairosdb/­kairosdbgithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
www.postgresql.org
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docshsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlkairosdb.github.iodocs.nebula-graph.iowww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperGoogleVesoft Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20152001201320191989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release2.7.2, June 20231.2.2, November 201816.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaC++C
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesLinux
OS X
Windows
LinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeStrong typed schemayes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesnoyesnoyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesnoSQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Graphite protocol
HTTP REST
Telnet API
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava, SQLnouser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infobased on CassandraShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesnoneselectable replication factor infobased on CassandraCausal Clustering using Raft protocolSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataAtomic single-row operationsACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infousing RocksDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardsimple password-based access controlRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud BigtableHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBKairosDBNebulaGraphPostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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More resources
Google Cloud BigtableHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBKairosDBNebulaGraphPostgreSQL
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