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DBMS > Google Cloud Bigtable vs. HBase vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Bigtable vs. HBase vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Wide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTableOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelKey-value store
Wide column store
Wide column storeDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score27.97
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score5.18
Rank#63  Overall
#11  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#7  Search engines
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­bigtablehbase.apache.orgwww.progress.com/­marklogicazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaseazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docshbase.apache.org/­book.htmlwww.progress.com/­marklogic/­documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperGoogleApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetMarkLogic Corp.MicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release20152008200120102016
Current release2.3.4, January 202111.0, December 2022V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++C++C++
Server operating systemshostedLinux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedhosted
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free, schema definition possibleschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenooptions to bring your own types, AVROyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyesno
Secondary indexesnonoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyes infoSQL92yesyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoCoprocessors in Javayes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptTransact SQLTransact SQL
Triggersnoyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yesyes, with always 3 replicas availableyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesyesyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataAtomic single-row operationsSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)ACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes, with Range Indexes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABACRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes

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More resources
Google Cloud BigtableHBaseMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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