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DBMS > Google BigQuery vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Oracle vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison Google BigQuery vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Oracle vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle BigQuery  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service with append-only tablesFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerWidely used RDBMSA lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score58.10
Rank#19  Overall
#13  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score1244.08
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score0.13
Rank#345  Overall
#35  Graph DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­bigquerywww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.oracle.com/­databasetinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlin
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­bigquery/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.oracle.com/­en/­database
DeveloperGoogleThomas MuellerMicrosoftOracle
Initial release20102005201019802009
Current release2.2.220, July 2023V1223c, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++C and C++Java
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMhostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyesno
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesyesyes infowith proprietary extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP/JSON APIJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
Groovy
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin JavaScriptJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsTransact SQLPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleno
Triggersnoyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding, horizontal partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes, with always 3 replicas availableMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono infocan be realized in PL/SQLno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyesyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoSince BigQuery is designed for querying dataACIDACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesno
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesoptional
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'yes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level infoGoogle Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
Google BigQueryH2Microsoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureOracleTinkerGraph
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