DBMS > FoundationDB vs. LevelDB vs. MariaDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. MongoDB
System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. LevelDB vs. MariaDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. MongoDB
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Name | FoundationDB Xexclude from comparison | LevelDB Xexclude from comparison | MariaDB Xexclude from comparison | Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB former name was Azure DocumentDB Xexclude from comparison | MongoDB Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers. | Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values | MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL. | Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service | One of the most popular document stores available both as a fully managed cloud service and for deployment on self-managed infrastructure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary database model | Document store supported via specific layer Key-value store Relational DBMS supported via specific SQL-layer | Key-value store | Relational DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS Key-value store Wide column store | Document store | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary database models | Document store Graph DBMS with OQGraph storage engine Spatial DBMS | Spatial DBMS | Spatial DBMS Search engine integrated Lucene index, currently in MongoDB Atlas only. Time Series DBMS Time Series Collections introduced in Release 5.0 Vector DBMS currently available in the MongoDB Atlas cloud service only | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Website | github.com/apple/foundationdb | github.com/google/leveldb | mariadb.com Site of MariaDB Corporation mariadb.org Site of MariaDB Foundation | azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db | www.mongodb.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical documentation | apple.github.io/foundationdb | github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md | mariadb.com/kb/en/library | learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db | www.mongodb.com/docs/manual | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Developer | FoundationDB | MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise), MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL | Microsoft | MongoDB, Inc | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial release | 2013 | 2011 | 2009 Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995 | 2014 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current release | 6.2.28, November 2020 | 1.23, February 2021 | 11.3.2, February 2024 | 6.0.7, June 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Apache 2.0 | Open Source BSD | Open Source GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available | commercial | Open Source MongoDB Inc.'s Server Side Public License v1. Prior versions were published under GNU AGPL v3.0. Commercial licenses are also available. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | yes | no MongoDB available as DBaaS (MongoDB Atlas) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant. |
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Implementation language | C++ | C++ | C and C++ | C++ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server operating systems | Linux OS X Windows | Illumos Linux OS X Windows | FreeBSD Linux Solaris Windows ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows | hosted | Linux OS X Solaris Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data scheme | schema-free some layers support schemas | schema-free | yes Dynamic columns are supported | schema-free | schema-free Although schema-free, documents of the same collection often follow the same structure. Optionally impose all or part of a schema by defining a JSON schema. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typing predefined data types such as float or date | no some layers support typing | no | yes | yes JSON types | yes string, integer, double, decimal, boolean, date, object_id, geospatial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary indexes | no | no | yes | yes All properties auto-indexed by default | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SQL Support of SQL | supported in specific SQL layer only | no | yes with proprietary extensions | SQL-like query language | Read-only SQL queries via the MongoDB Atlas SQL Interface | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
APIs and other access methods | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC Proprietary native API | DocumentDB API Graph API (Gremlin) MongoDB API RESTful HTTP API Table API | GraphQL HTTP REST Prisma proprietary protocol using JSON | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supported programming languages | .Net C C++ Go Java JavaScript Node.js PHP Python Ruby Swift | C++ Go Java 3rd party binding JavaScript (Node.js) 3rd party binding Python 3rd party binding | Ada C C# C++ D Eiffel Erlang Go Haskell Java JavaScript (Node.js) Objective-C OCaml Perl PHP Python Ruby Scheme Tcl | .Net C# Java JavaScript JavaScript (Node.js) MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages Python | Actionscript unofficial driver C C# C++ Clojure unofficial driver ColdFusion unofficial driver D unofficial driver Dart unofficial driver Delphi unofficial driver Erlang Go Groovy unofficial driver Haskell Java JavaScript Kotlin Lisp unofficial driver Lua unofficial driver MatLab unofficial driver Perl PHP PowerShell unofficial driver Prolog unofficial driver Python R unofficial driver Ruby Rust Scala Smalltalk unofficial driver Swift | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server-side scripts Stored procedures | in SQL-layer only | no | yes PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3 | JavaScript | JavaScript | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triggers | no | no | yes | JavaScript | yes in MongoDB Atlas only | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding | none | several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding | Sharding Implicit feature of the cloud service | Sharding Partitioned by hashed, ranged, or zoned sharding keys. Live resharding allows users to change their shard keys as an online operation with zero downtime. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | yes | none | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | yes Implicit feature of the cloud service | Multi-Source deployments with MongoDB Atlas Global Clusters Source-replica replication | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | no | with Hadoop integration Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure* | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Linearizable consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Bounded Staleness Consistent Prefix Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency Consistency level configurable on request level Session Consistency | Eventual Consistency can be individually decided for each read operation Immediate Consistency default behaviour | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign keys Referential integrity | in SQL-layer only | no | yes not for MyISAM storage engine | no | no typically not used, however similar functionality with DBRef possible | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | no | ACID not for MyISAM storage engine | Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition | Multi-document ACID Transactions with snapshot isolation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes with automatic compression on writes | yes not for in-memory storage engine | yes | yes optional, enabled by default | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes with MEMORY storage engine | yes In-memory storage engine introduced with MongoDB version 3.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
User concepts Access control | no | no | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Access rights can be defined down to the item level | Access rights for users and roles | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FoundationDB | LevelDB | MariaDB | Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB former name was Azure DocumentDB | MongoDB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Specific characteristics | MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON... » more | MongoDB provides an integrated suite of cloud database and data services to accelerate... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Competitive advantages | MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases.... » more | Built around the flexible document data model and unified API, MongoDB is a developer... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typical application scenarios | Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability... » more | AI-enriched intelligent apps (Continental, Telefonica, Iron Mountain) Internet of... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key customers | Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured... » more | ADP, Adobe, Amadeus, AstraZeneca, Auto Trader, Barclays, BBVA, Bosch, Cisco, CERN,... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Market metrics | MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,... » more | Hundreds of millions downloads, over 150,000+ Atlas clusters provisioned every month... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Licensing and pricing models | MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,... » more | MongoDB database server: Server-Side Public License (SSPL) . Commercial licenses... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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3rd parties | Navicat for MariaDB provides a native environment for MariaDB database management and development. » more | CData: Connect to Big Data & NoSQL through standard Drivers. » more | Studio 3T: The world's favorite IDE for working with MongoDB » more Navicat for MongoDB gives you a highly effective GUI interface for MongoDB database management, administration and development. » more CData: Connect to Big Data & NoSQL through standard Drivers. » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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FoundationDB | LevelDB | MariaDB | Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB former name was Azure DocumentDB | MongoDB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DB-Engines blog posts | MariaDB strengthens its position in the open source RDBMS market PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2017 Big gains for Relational Database Management Systems in DB-Engines Ranking | Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2020 PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2018 FoundationDB team's new venture, Antithesis, raises $47M to enhance software testing Stonebraker Seeks to Invert the Computing Paradigm with DBOS Antithesis raises $47M to launch an automated testing platform for software Antithesis Launches Out Of Stealth To Revolutionize Software Reliability Deno adds scaleable messaging with new Queues feature, sparks debate about proprietary services • DEVCLASS provided by Google News Pliops unveils XDP-Rocks for RocksDB – Blocks and Files Microsoft Teams stores auth tokens as cleartext in Windows, Linux, Macs XanMod, Liquorix Kernels Offer Some Advantages On AMD Ryzen 5 Notebook Rust-Based Info Stealers Abuse GitHub Codespaces Threat Thursday: BlackGuard Infostealer Rises from Russian Underground Markets provided by Google News RECOMMENDED CASH OFFER for MARIADB plc by MERIDIAN BIDCO LLC which is an Affiliate of K1 INVESTMENT ... MariaDB Board Changes Post-Promissory Note Acquisition - TipRanks.com Progress outbids private equity in offer for MariaDB plc ServiceNow trades MariaDB for RaptorDB (PostgreSQL) MariaDB Files Second Quarter Fiscal 2024 Financial Results provided by Google News General Availability: Data API builder | Azure updates Start your AI journey with Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB—compete for $10K Azure Synapse Link for Cosmos DB: New Analytics Capabilities How to Migrate Azure Cosmos DB Databases | by Arwin Lashawn Microsoft Benchmarks Distributed PostgreSQL DBs provided by Google News Principal Financial Group Inc. Has $26.30 Million Stock Holdings in MongoDB, Inc. (NASDAQ:MDB) Principal Financial Group Inc. Sells 2,742 Shares of MongoDB, Inc. (NASDAQ:MDB) Build RAG applications with MongoDB Atlas, now available in Knowledge Bases for Amazon Bedrock | Amazon Web ... Is Now An Opportune Moment To Examine MongoDB, Inc. (NASDAQ:MDB)? A Closer Look at 27 Analyst Recommendations For MongoDB - MongoDB (NASDAQ:MDB) provided by Google News |
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