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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Kdb vs. MariaDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. Riak KV

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Kdb vs. MariaDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. Riak KV

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonMariaDB  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonRiak KV  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.High performance Time Series DBMSMySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSDistributed, fault tolerant key-value store
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSGraph DBMSKey-value store infowith links between data sets and object tags for the creation of secondary indexes
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score7.55
Rank#53  Overall
#3  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score93.21
Rank#13  Overall
#9  Relational DBMS
Score2.14
Rank#120  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score4.10
Rank#82  Overall
#9  Key-value stores
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbkx.commariadb.com infoSite of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org infoSite of MariaDB Foundation
github.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbcode.kx.commariadb.com/­kb/­en/­librarydocs.nebula-graph.iowww.tiot.jp/­riak-docs/­riak/­kv/­latest
DeveloperFoundationDBKx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcMariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) infoThe lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL
Vesoft Inc.OpenSource, formerly Basho Technologies
Initial release20132000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 20032009 infoFork of MySQL, which was first released in 199520192009
Current release6.2.28, November 20203.6, May 201811.3.2, February 20243.2.0, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial infofree 32-bit versionOpen Source infoGPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoApache version 2, commercial enterprise edition
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++qC and C++C++Erlang
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows infoColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows
LinuxLinux
OS X
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyes infoDynamic columns are supportedStrong typed schemaschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesnono
Secondary indexesnoyes infotable attribute 'grouped'yesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.restricted
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlySQL-like query language (q)yes infowith proprietary extensionsSQL-like query languageno
APIs and other access methodsHTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
HTTP API
Native Erlang Interface
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
C infounofficial client library
C#
C++ infounofficial client library
Clojure infounofficial client library
Dart infounofficial client library
Erlang
Go infounofficial client library
Groovy infounofficial client library
Haskell infounofficial client library
Java
JavaScript infounofficial client library
Lisp infounofficial client library
Perl infounofficial client library
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala infounofficial client library
Smalltalk infounofficial client library
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyuser defined functionsyes infoPL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3user defined functionsErlang
Triggersnoyes infowith viewsyesyes infopre-commit hooks and post-commit hooks
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioningseveral options for horizontal partitioning and ShardingShardingSharding infono "single point of failure"
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Causal Clustering using Raft protocolselectable replication factor
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingnonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage engineyes infoRelationships in graphsno infolinks between data sets can be stored
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID infonot for MyISAM storage engineACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infonot for in-memory storage engineyes infousing RocksDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infowith MEMORY storage engineyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnorights management via user accountsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlyes, using Riak Security
More information provided by the system vendor
FoundationDBKdbMariaDBNebulaGraphRiak KV
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
» more
MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
» more
NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
» more
MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
» more
NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
» more
Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
» more
Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
» more
Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
» more
Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
» more
MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
» more
At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
» more
MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
» more
NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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3rd partiesNavicat for MariaDB provides a native environment for MariaDB database management and development.
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More resources
FoundationDBKdbMariaDBNebulaGraphRiak KV
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