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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Heroic vs. Oracle vs. TigerGraph vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Heroic vs. Oracle vs. TigerGraph vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonTigerGraph  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Time Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchWidely used RDBMSA complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-timeVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Time Series DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score0.46
Rank#265  Overall
#22  Time Series DBMS
Score1244.08
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score1.80
Rank#138  Overall
#13  Graph DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbgithub.com/­spotify/­heroicwww.oracle.com/­databasewww.tigergraph.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbspotify.github.io/­heroicdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasedocs.tigergraph.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperFoundationDBSpotifyOracleOpenLink Software
Initial release20132014198020171998
Current release6.2.28, November 202023c, September 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaC and C++C++C
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
LinuxAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnoyes
Secondary indexesnoyes infovia Elasticsearchyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlynoyes infowith proprietary extensionsSQL-like query language (GSQL)yes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsHQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
C++
Java
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlynoPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleyesyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnonoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infocan be realized in PL/SQLyesyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlynoyesyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
FoundationDBHeroicOracleTigerGraphVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale โ€” as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for โ€” Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including โ€” European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base โ€‹of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
FoundationDBHeroicOracleTigerGraphVirtuoso
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