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DBMS > Firebird vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle vs. TDSQL for MySQL

System Properties Comparison Firebird vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle vs. TDSQL for MySQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonTDSQL for MySQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFirebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used RDBMSA high-performance distributed database management system with features such as automatic sharding, intelligent operation and maintenance, elastic scalability without downtime, and enterprise-grade security. It is highly compatible with MySQL.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
Document store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score20.50
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score27.71
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score1244.08
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score0.85
Rank#207  Overall
#97  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.firebirdsql.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.oracle.com/­databasewww.tencentcloud.com/­products/­dcdb
Technical documentationwww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualslearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dblearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasewww.tencentcloud.com/­document/­product/­1042
DeveloperFirebird FoundationMicrosoftMicrosoftOracleTencent
Initial release2000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase2014198919802013
Current release5.0.0, January 2024SQL Server 2022, November 202223c, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoInitial Developer's Public Licensecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC and C++C++C and C++
Server operating systemsAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
hostedLinux
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
hosted
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoJSON typesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesno
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query languageyesyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
C
C#
C++
Java
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresPSQLJavaScriptTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavaPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleyes
TriggersyesJavaScriptyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationSharding, horizontal partitioningAutomatic sharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nono infocan be realized in PL/SQLno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'no
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization concept

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More resources
FirebirdMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBMicrosoft SQL ServerOracleTDSQL for MySQL
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