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DBMS > etcd vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. PostgreSQL vs. Solr

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. PostgreSQL vs. Solr

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Nameetcd  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSolr  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed reliable key-value storeCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache Lucene
Primary database modelKey-value storeDocument storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.25
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score14.29
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score42.91
Rank#24  Overall
#3  Search engines
Websiteetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
firebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasewww.postgresql.orgsolr.apache.org
Technical documentationetcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
firebase.google.com/­docs/­databasewww.postgresql.org/­docssolr.apache.org/­resources.html
DeveloperGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerApache Software Foundation
Initial release20121989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2006
Current release3.4, August 201916.2, February 20249.6.0, April 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache Version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageGoCJava
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java VM inforuns as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included)
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyes infoDynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fields
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyes infosupports customizable data types and automatic typing
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yes
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSolr Parallel SQL Interface
APIs and other access methodsgRPC
JSON over HTTP
Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Erlang
Java
JavaScript
any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnolimited functionality with using 'rules'user defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Java plugins
Triggersyes, watching key changesCallbacks are triggered when data changesyesyes infoUser configurable commands triggered on index changes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodespartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononospark-solr: github.com/­lucidworks/­spark-solr and streaming expressions to reduce
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoyesACIDoptimistic locking
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoyes, based on authentication and database rulesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes

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More resources
etcdFirebase Realtime DatabasePostgreSQLSolr
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