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DBMS > etcd vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. NebulaGraph vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. NebulaGraph vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Nameetcd  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Firestore  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed reliable key-value storeCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.Cloud Firestore is an auto-scaling document database for storing, syncing, and querying data for mobile and web apps. It offers seamless integration with other Firebase and Google Cloud Platform products.A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelKey-value storeDocument storeDocument storeGraph DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.64
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score15.00
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score8.96
Rank#48  Overall
#8  Document stores
Score2.12
Rank#125  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websiteetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
firebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasefirebase.google.com/­products/­firestoregithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
www.postgresql.org
Technical documentationetcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
firebase.google.com/­docs/­databasefirebase.google.com/­docs/­firestoredocs.nebula-graph.iowww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014GoogleVesoft Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2012201720191989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release3.4, August 201916.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageGoC++C
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
hostedhostedLinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeschema-freeStrong typed schemayes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnononoSQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsgRPC
JSON over HTTP
Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
Android
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
Python
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnolimited functionality with using 'rules'yes, Firebase Rules & Cloud Functionsuser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyes, watching key changesCallbacks are triggered when data changesyes, with Cloud Functionsyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.Multi-source replicationCausal Clustering using Raft protocolSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoUsing Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoyesyesACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infousing RocksDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnoyes, based on authentication and database rulesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management. Security Rules for 3rd party authentication using Firebase Auth.Role-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
etcdFirebase Realtime DatabaseGoogle Cloud FirestoreNebulaGraphPostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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More resources
etcdFirebase Realtime DatabaseGoogle Cloud FirestoreNebulaGraphPostgreSQL
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